The Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural Environment...

A decision that must be made is whether to use discrete trial training drills or incidental teaching to establish functional skills. Discrete trial training is conducted in a highly specified and structured manner, in which the instructor chooses and presents an antecedent stimulus related to the skill of interest, and when the student responds correctly, the response is reinforced. Naturalistic or incidental teaching is loosely structured, and is incorporated into a student’s ongoing routine and follows his or her interests. Variation in antecedent stimuli and respnses is emphasized and reinforcers for correct responses are tied to the student’s ongoing activites. Sundberg and Partington (1999) coined the term ‘natural environment†¦show more content†¦Thus, you miss the most sensitive part of student behaviour. 2) Trial formats hold back the speed with which students can perform. Compare how many capitals of states a student can name using Precision Teaching flascards with the number possible if each is presented to the student with a question, ‘What is the capital of this state?’ 3) With a trial format, students do not initiate responding. They get used to waiting for a teacher before taking any action, encouraging passivity and prompt dependency. 4) Fixed lists of tasks used in DT instruction prevents adapting continually to student’s current performance so that some students may respond incorrectly or others fail to progress when they are ready for more difficult tasks. 5) Most DT procedures include procedures for correction of errors. Correction is not part of shaping. Every failure slows down the rate of responding and dampens momentum. 6) DTT is limited in terms of generalization. 7) DTT needs to reprogram for spontaneous skill use. 8) DTT is quite costly – time and finding. 9) Requires specific programming time blocks. In response to these criticisms, Hart and Risley (1968) developed another procedure known as ‘incidental teaching’, a type of NET used to increase quantity and complexity of mands and generally to a lesser degree tacts. NET involves providing structured learning opportunities within the natural context or naturally occurring activities byShow MoreRelatedChange Management49917 Words   |  200 PagesPlanned Change 5. Unplanned Change 2. 4. 6. Stimulating Forces Change Agents Lewin’s Three Step Model The change means the alteration of status quo or making things different. It may refer to any alteration which occurs in the overall work environment of an organization. When an organizational system is disturbed by some internal or external force, the change may occur. The change is modification of the structure or process of a system, that may be good or even bad. It disturbs the existing equilibriumRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesImproving Customer Service 18 †¢ Improving People Skills 19 †¢ Stimulating Innovation and Change 20 †¢ Coping with â€Å"Temporariness† 20 †¢ Working in Networked Organizations 20 †¢ Helping Employees Balance Work–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Pr ocesses 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About OrganizationalRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesUniversity with a major in mathematics and, while acquiring graduate degrees at the University of Iowa, concentrated on statistics, computer programming, psychometrics, and test development. Currently, he divides his duties between teaching and evaluation; in addition to teaching, he is the assessment facilitator for the Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Community Schools. In his spare time he enjoys reading and hiking. He and his wife have a daughter, Anna, who is a graduate student in Civil Engineering at Cal Tech

The Ingredients of a Fantastic Piece of Literature

Jane Austen: one of the most famous authors of British literature. Her numerous literary devices and complex novels made dozens of critics consider her as one of the most important authors of her era. Additionally, I also support his claim thoroughly. A master of her craft on her time period, Austen helped to define her era with her novel Persuasion. An ever-changing plot, dozens of complex characters and indirect characterization make this novel a great representation of the literature of the period of time. The ingredients needed for the recipe of a great novel are present in Persuasion. For me, the best attribute of Jane Austens writing is her characterization. Her ability to create complex characters through a variety of techniques is quite fascinating. For example, in Persuasion, Austen describes her characters by actions and reactions various times. She does not describe how Anne feels or gives us an insight of her ideas. Instead, her reactions to different events contribute to her complex character. Anne does not lose her head to different events that are occurring during her life. â€Å"It was an afternoon of distress, and Anne had every thing to do at once; the apothecary to send for, the father to have pursued and informed, the mother to support and keep from hysterics, the servants to control, the youngest child to banish, and the poor suffering one to attend and soothe (Austen 33). However, during these events, she manages to stay calm and dont panic. SheShow MoreRelated C.S. Lewis on Misunderstanding Fantasy Essay4960 Words   |  20 Pagesthe loss of credibility of fantasy literature among the academic elite who ruled it a popular genre with little to no scholarly merit. Little that had had the misfortune of being dubbed fantasy had escaped the blacklist cast upon the field. 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Formal feedback will be given and you will have the opportunity to ‘tweak’ your work and resubmit it, for up to three times for the same piece of work. Just a note about the structure of assignment answers. You will help; the assessor, the internal and external verifiers if you make it clear which question and part of the question you are addressing, by using headings and sub-heading whereRead MoreEdith Head: Hollywoods First Woman Fashion Designer Essay8781 Words   |  36 Pages  She  later  said  of  the  borrowed portfolio: I  was  studying  seascape  and  all  I  could  draw  was  oceans.  I  needed a  portfolio,  so  I  borrowed  sketches  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  I  didn’t  steal  them.  I  asked everybody  in  the  class  for  a  few  costume  design  sketches.  And  I  had 3 the  most  fantastic  assortment  you’ve  ever  seen  in  your  life.  When  you get  a  class  of  forty  to  give  you  sketches,  you  get  a  nice  selection. 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Introduction to the Economic and Management Environment Free Essays

string(218) " Examination date and examination centre Please see the Undergraduate Information Brochure of 2004 Examination paper In the examination you can expect questions similar to those set in the multiple choice assignments\." INMALL-N/301/3/2004 FACULTY OF ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES Introduction to the Economic and Management environment Module 1 (INM101-3) and Module 2 (INM102-4) ? ? ? ? ( INMALL-N: TUTORIAL LETTER 301/2004 GENERAL INFORMATION 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INMALL-N/301 PAGE 1. Student number 3 2. Tutorial material 3 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to the Economic and Management Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Inventory letter 4 4. Tutorial letters 4 5. Queries and problems – what do I do? 4 6. Examination: 5 6. 1 Examination admission 5 6. 2 Examination date and centre 5 6. 3 Examination paper 5 7. Why assignments? 8. Assignment system 6 8. 1 The support/enrichment stream 6 8. 1. 1 Information: Self evaluation assignments 7 8. 2 The ordinary stream 7 8. 2. 1 Information: Multiple choice assignments 8 3 INMALL-N/301 Dear Student A big welcome to the Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences! You have registered for a unique course which gives you the opportunity to become acquainted with all the disciplines offered by the Faculty and combinations of them before deciding what direction you wish to follow in your studies. Five departments in the Faculty, namely Business Management, Industrial Psychology, Economics, Quantitative Management and Accounting, have joined forces to give you an idea of each one’s field of study and to show you how the disciplines can complement one another in a management setup. So in one course you are exposed to various management aids which are used by the professions (eg accountants) as well as business enterprises. Most Unisa students start their university studies a relatively long time after leaving school. Along the way they often forget how to study. Studying in the right way is not something we do automatically – and so we considered it very important to include a section on study management (see Topic 1, in the study guide of INM101-3). This topic is presented by the Student Services Bureau. Besides an academic introduction to the core courses, we also concentrate on career management since you are embarking on the present study with a view to your future career. Topic 2 in the study guide of INM101-3 (Career Management) gives you an overview of the various phases in the process which culminates in making sensible career, course and subject choices. Career Management is therefore relevant for anyone beginning their studies in the Faculty, whether or not you have decided on a career. It is, however, more useful for those of you who are uncertain about your choice of career and we strongly recommend that you work through the study guide of INM101-3 very carefully. This tutorial letter is very important because it contains important general information. Please keep it in a safe place. We hope that you will find this course most useful! 1. Student number Every Unisa student receives a unique student number the first time he or she registers. You should have this student number with you AT ALL TIMES and should always mention it in any communication with the University. 2. Tutorial material The tutorial material for this course consists of: † The study guides Module 1(INM101-3): One Study Guide Module 2(INM102-4): One Study Guide † Tutorial Letter 301 – General information † Tutorial Letter 101 for INM101-3 – Assignment questions Tutorial Letter 101 for INM102-4 – Assignment questions † Tutorial letters which will be sent to you during the course of your studies with feedback on the assignments and other important information. INMALL-N/301 3. Inventory letter On registration you will have received, together with the available tutorial material, an inventory letter for the current academic year. This inventory letter lists only those items that are available on the day you register from the Despatch Department in Pretoria or the University’s regional offices. Those of you who registered at a regional office will receive the rest of your tutorial material by registered post from Pretoria as it becomes available. Please check the tutorial material that you have received against the inventory letter. Unless the letter indicates otherwise (eg â€Å"out of stock†), you should have received all the items listed. If some of the items are missing, please immediately follow the instructions on the reverse side of the inventory letter. Please note! Use only the telephone number that appears on the inventory letter when you phone the Despatch Department to inquire about tutorial matter that you do not have. 4. Tutorial letters Tutorial letters are Unisa’s principal means of communication and teaching. Please read ALL tutorial letters. The brochure Unisa: services and procedures explains the numbering of the different types of tutorial letters. 5. Queries and problems – what do I do? ; – Problem ( – Solution a. Course related queries about the contents of the study material / assignments Lecturers: Mrs Ria van Helden F(012) 429-8643 Mrs Jacoleen Vogel F(012) 429-8513 Mrs Suzette Ragadu F(012) 429-8609 Mr Adolph Rasengane F(012) 429-8650 b. Any other queries about the assignments Secretaries: Mrs Tersea Dalporto Mrs Helene Louw All other administrative queries e. g: Change of address nd/or exam centre Marks and credits for assignments etc. Write to: The Registrar (Academic) UNISA P O Box 392 Pretoria 0003 c. F (012) 429-4114 F(012) 429-8635 F(012) 429-8750 5 INMALL-N/301 Please remember! You may include more than one letter in an envelope, but please do not address the lecturers responsible for the course, another department, the Library and/or an administrative department all in the same letter ! This will only cause delays. Write a separate letter to each and mark each clearly for the attention of the department in question. Do not include correspondence in an assignment envelope, and please never write to Unisa without clearly indicating your student number, subject and paper code at the top of your letter. WE ASSUME THAT YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH THE FOLLOWING BROCHURES: (1) CALENDAR PART 2 and 3, 2004: GENERAL INFORMATION GENERAL REGULATIONS (2) UNISA: SERVICE AND PROCEDURES 2004 6. Examination 6. 1 † 6. 2 † 6. 3 Examination admission Due to the implementation of the new modular system, all students registered for modular courses will be granted automatic admission to the examinations in 2004. Examination date and examination centre Please see the Undergraduate Information Brochure of 2004 Examination paper In the examination you can expect questions similar to those set in the multiple choice assignments. The examination paper will consist ONLY of multiple choice questions. 7. Why assignments? ; We realise that it is difficult to have to rely entirely on distance education. You do not always have a lecturer right there to explain the learning material to you. You have to depend on yourself and need considerable self discipline. The way to an academic qualification is narrow and steep – Unisa’s motto is not â€Å"Hope through hard work† for nothing. There are, however, also advantages to studying in this way. You can earn while you study, and you can study at your own pace. And although we might be far from you, we are always available to give you guidance and support. Always bear this in mind. We know from experience and research that assignments are one of the most effective ways in which we can offer guidance and support to make you part of a meaningful learning experience. Although you do not have to submit assignments in order to earn credits for examination entry, we recommend that you do all the assignments. It will help you to work in a structured way throughout the academic semester and to achieve success. We should like to explain why assignments are so useful in the hope that it will inspire you to approach yours with enthusiasm. 6 INMALL-N/301 † They provide a study programme which, if you follow it carefully, will help you to work through all the tutorial material and still have enough time to revise for the examination. They are a reasonable periodic check of your knowledge. † Assignments help you to prepare for the examination. The examination paper will consist of similar questions to those in the multiple choice assignments. For this reason it is also a good idea for you to practice answering multiple choice questions on a mark reading sheet. † You have to obtain 50% in the examination to pass regardless of the marks you earned for your assignments. † Assignments are a good means of teaching. It is therefore to your advantage to do assignments. You not only acquire knowledge in the process but also learn from the feedback we give you on your assignments. ( Try to keep to your study programme – it will definitely be to your advantage! Academic ethics require that students submit their own original work. You are only cheating yourself if you copy other students’ work or do an assignment haphazardly. 8. Assignment system In order to help you with the submission of assignments, we have designed a system that makes provision for two assignments in each module. One assignment is in the ordinary stream and the other one is in the support/enrichment stream. Each assignment has a due date. The due date is the date on which the assignment must be at Unisa and not the date on which you post it. Be sure to plan for possible delays in the post! 8. 1 The support/enrichment stream – Assignment 1 of INM101-3 and INM102-4 The assignment in this stream is made up of paragraph and essay type of questions and must be answered on the assignment writing pad. This stream has a double purpose. † Firstly it is exactly what the name indicates – an opportunity for enrichment. Here you have a chance to improve your reading and writing skills. As you will see in Topic 3 (Communication) in the only study guide for INM102-4, reading and writing skills are very important tools for anyone and not something one learns automatically – you have to acquire them. This enrichment stream serves to prepare you for the essay type assignments you can expect in later years of study. The assignment in this stream is an opportunity for enrichment. † Secondly, this assignment has been designed to develop your ability to evaluate your own work. This ability is a very important component of independent study. Although we shall not be marking this assignment, we shall read it. You should therefore make a copy of your assignment before posting it to Unisa. You will receive guidelines for this assignment (after the due date) to help you evaluate it yourself. 7 8. 1. 1 INMALL-N/301 Information: Self evaluation assignment This is assignment 1 of INM101-3 and INM102-4 in the support/enrichment stream. This assignment does not have an unique number for the computer. Very important! We shall not return the self evaluation assignment to you. Please make a copy of your assignment before posting it so that you can evaluate it yourself using the guidelines for the solutions. Remember! † † † † † † † † † † † † Work carefully through the relevant tutorial material before tackling an assignment. Read the question carefully and underline the key words – this will help you with the interpretation. Think about the question! Plan your answer before beginning to write. To sketch a framework for your answer, you need to use headings and subheadings. Set out your opinions clearly. Write legibly and use full sentences. There is no excuse for an untidy and illegible assignment. Fill in your student number correctly on the assignment cover. Fill in the assignment number correctly on the assignment cover. You will receive a set of guidelines and solutions for all the assignments. You get no marks for assignments which you submit. Because the support stream option is so lenient, we will not grant extensions for assignments. 8. 2 The ordinary stream – Assignment 2 of INM101-3 INM102-4 The assignment in this stream is made up solely of multiple choice questions and must be answered on a mark reading sheet. Mark reading sheets are read into the computer immediately when they are received at Unisa and are marked by the computer on the due date. Unisa does not work according to a system of semester marks, and marks for assignments are not taken into account when the final examination marks are calculated. The percentages obtained for assignments indicate to you how well you have mastered the work. After the due date for each assignment all registered students will receive the solutions, or guidelines for solutions to, or a discussion of the assignment received. 8. 2. 1 Information: Multiple choice assignment This is assignment 2 of INM101-3 and INM102-4 in the ordinary stream. This assignment has an unique number for the computer. Very important! † † Work carefully through the relevant tutorial material before you tackle the assignment. Work out your answers on a separate piece of paper before you complete the mark reading sheet. 8 INMALL-N/301 Instructions on how to use mark reading sheets to answer multiple choice questions are contained in the 2004 â€Å"Unisa: Services and procedures†. Read these instructions CAREFULLY and follow them EXACTLY to avoid making mistakes. Remember! † † † † † † † † There is only one correct answer to each question. Only mark reading sheets may be used. Colour in the correct block with an HB pencil. Fill in your student number correctly. Fill in the assignment number correctly. Fill in the unique assignment number correctly. Every assignment which is marked by the computer is given a unique number. The number contains information on the course code and assignment number. When the computer reads the mark reading sheet with, say, the unique number 198415, it â€Å"knows† that it is Assignment 02 for INM101-3 in the first semester. Send only your mark reading sheet to the Assignment Division in the appropriate envelope. You do not have to complete an assignment cover. Make sure that you have enough mark reading sheets. Do not: † † † † † † † † Do not Do not Do not Do not Do not Do not Do not Do not make more than one mark per question tear or fold the mark reading sheet staple the mark reading sheet to another piece of paper colour outside the block colour in the blocks with a pen make corrections with Tipp-Ex submit answers on a written sheet of paper try to repair a torn mark reading sheet with sticky tape – use another one The assignment questions and due dates will be included in Tutorial letter 101 Good luck with your studies! Your INM101-3 / INM102-4 lecturers How to cite Introduction to the Economic and Management Environment, Essay examples

Current Development in Accounting Thought for Historical Cost

Question: Discuss about theCurrent Development in Accounting Thought for Historical Cost. Answer: Introduction Accounting is considered as one of the major processes for the success of the business organizations. The main aim of this essay is to analyse and evaluate three different aspects of the accounting process (Scott, 2015). The first part of the essay sheds light on three major alternatives of historical cost accounting for the companies. The second part of the essay identifies the major users of accounting within the conceptual framework of Australian Accounting Standard Board (AASB) and International Accounting Standard Board (IASB). It also discusses about the implication of this identification on the future of accounting measurement. The last part of the essay discusses about the major advantages of accounting process developed from conceptual framework. Under the process of Historical Cost Accounting, the measurement of the value of the assets and liabilities is done based on the original and nominal cost of the assets and liabilities at the time of acquisition. There has been the development of many alternative methods of historical cost accenting in order to overcome the loopholes of this process. The following discussion shows the description of three alternative methods of historical cost accounting. Constant Purchasing Power Accounting (CCPA): IASB introduced the process of CCPA as a major alternative of the traditional historical cost accounting and the application of this accounting process can be seen under hyper-inflationary environment (Rodrigues, Schmidt dos Santos, 2012). Under CCPA, the accountants measure the financial capital maintenance in the units of constant purchasing power (CPP) in terms of consumer price index (CPI) at the time of low inflation. At the time of high inflation and hyperinflation, the accountants can use the measurement in daily indexed unit account. There are three major underlying assumptions in this model (Whittington, 2014). As per the first assumption, accrual basis of accounting is used for the recognition of events and transactions. The second assumption supports the going concern assumption of the companies. As per the third assumption, the measurement process of CCPA in units of all constant real value non-monetary items can automatically remedies the erosion of stable measuring unit assumption. Business organizations can apply CCPA for the purchase of their plant and machinery (Henderson et al., 2015). For example, on 1 January 2010, a company purchased a plant for $6000000 and the CPI was 150. On 1 January 2015, the CPI index was 200. Thus, the cost of the plant in 2015 would be $8000000 ($6000000*200/150). Based on the above example, CCPA can be considered as viable alternative of historical cost accounting. Under historical cost accounting, the company would not consider the changes in the price of the plant where CCPA consider the deviation in changes in the price of the plant over the years. Thus, CCPA is a viable alternative. Current Cost Accounting (CCA): Current Cost Accounting (CCA) is also considered as another major alternative of historical cost accounting and CCPA. It needs to be mentioned that CCA was introduced to overcome the criticism of CPPA (Schaltegger Burritt, 2017). With the application of the process of CCA, the accountants become able to recognize the change in the individual price of the assets and liabilities due to the change in general price level. Under the process of CCA, the development and interpretation of the financial statements are done in such a manner so that they can reflect the change in price of the assets and liabilities. There is not any consideration of retail price index under CCA as the valuation of assets is done in the current cost basis under CCA. There is a basic assumption under CCA (McCarthy et al., 2012). As per this assumption, the valuation of the stocks is done based on FIFO (First In First Out) basis. The main objective of CCA is the reporting of the ass ets and liabilities in the financial statements based on fair market price. Business organizations can apply the process of CCA for the valuation of their assets. For example, the book value of a plant is $8000000; but the fair market value of the same plant is $5000000. Thus, under the process of CCA, the company will consider the latter due to fair market value. For the reason of considering all the changes in the price of the assets, CCA can also be considered as a viable alternative of historical cost accounting (Chambers, 2014). Exit Price Accounting (EPA): Exit Price Accounting (EPA), also known as Continuously Contemporary Accounting (CoCoA) is a major alternative of historical cost accounting (Fischer Marsh, 2013). As per EPA, the companies should do the valuation of their assets based on their exit price so that the financial statements can show the ability of the companies to adapt. There are three major assumptions of EPA. The first assumption states that the companies exist to increase their wealth. As per the second assumption, the companys ability to adapt the changing environment determines the organizational success (Djafri, Taleb Bouteldja, 2014). As per the third assumption, the capacity of adaption can be best reflected by the monetary value of assets and liabilities. Thus, it can be seen that EPA takes into account the changes in the value of the assets and liabilities as the motive of this system is to report the value of asset in fair market value. For this reason, EPA can be considered as a viable alternative of historical cost accounting (Fields, 2016). Accounting refers to the process to communicate the financial information about the business entities to the different users. Thus, it can be observed that accounting information has major impact on the financial decision-making process of different users. In the conceptual framework of IASB/AASB, there is mention of the users of accounting. As per this framework, there are two types of users of accounting; they are Internal Users and External Users. The following discussion shows the description of these users of accounting: Internal Users or Primary Users: The internal users of accounting are discussed below: Management: It needs to be mentioned that management of the companies is the major users of accounting. The managements of the business organizations are in need of the accounting information in order to measure the performance of the business. Accounting information related to the profitability, liquidity, efficiency and others shows the management with the actual financial position so that effective strategies can be developed (Schaltegger Burritt, 2017). Employees: As per the accounting conceptual framework, employees are considered as major internal users of the accounting information. For the purpose of judging the future of the remuneration of the companies, the employees need accounting information on the profitability of the companies. Employees need accounting information to assessing their job security (Edwards, 2013). Owners: Owners of the businesses are most important internal users of the accounting of the companies. Business owners need the accounting information of the companies for the analysis of the viability and profitability of their investments. They also need accounting information for the determination of any future course of actions (Weil, Schipper, Francis, 2013). External Users or Secondary Users: The external users of accounting are discussed below: Creditors: Creditors are considered as one of the major external users of accounting. The main reason for which the creditors need accounting information is the determination of credit worthiness of the business organizations as the creditors set the terms of credit based on the results of credit worthiness analysis. For this reason, it is necessary to get accounting information on the financial health of the companies. The major types of creditors in the business organizations are suppliers, lenders, banks and others (Horngren et al., 2012). Tax Authorities: Tax authorities are considered as another major external user of accounting. It is required for the tax authorities to determine the financial position of the business organizations. It helps the tax authorities in determining the credulity of the business organizations to pay the required amount of taxes (May, 2013). Investors: It is required for the investors of the companies to ascertain the financial position of the business organizations so that they can take effective investment decisions. For this purpose, the investors need accounting information on various aspects like profitability, liquidity, efficient, debt position and others. Thus, they can be considered as the major external users (Henderson et al., 2015). Customers: Customers are also considered as another major external user of accounting information. It is required for the customers to assess the financial position of the companies to maintain a stable source of supply in long-term basis (Sharma Panigrahi, 2013). Regulatory Authorities: The financial regulatory authorities require the accounting information in order to be ensured that the company has adopted the correct accounting standards. From the above discussion, it can be seen that the conceptual framework of IASB and AASB provided details about the users of accounting. In this context, it needs to be mentioned that there are some major implications of this identification of the users of accounting for the future of accounting measurement. In this process, the involvement of fair value and historical cost accounting can also be seen (Sharma Panigrahi, 2013). It is an important aspect that both the internal as well as external users of accounting need the most relevant information for their different purposes. It needs to be mentioned that the process of historical cost accounting does not take into consideration all the changes in the value of the assets and liabilities over the years. Thus, under the process of historical cost accounting, the users will not be able to get the most relevant accounting information. However, in case of fair value accounting, it can be observed that this accounting process takes into account all the changes in the value of the assets and liabilities of the companies. Thus, it needs to be mention that it is required for the IASB and AASB to consider the effect of both historical coat accounting and fair value accounting while further identifying the users of accounting. It is recommended to the conceptual framework of AASB and IASB to consider the adoption of the strategy of fair value accounting for the future development in the identification of users of accounting measurement (Henderson et al., 2015). Requirement [a] The presence of accounting process can be seen resulted from the development of conceptual framework. In this context, it needs to be mentioned that this accounting process has some major advantages. This type of accounting system has been developed from the conceptual framework of IASB. The first advantage is that with the help of this accounting system, the accountants become able to resolve different kinds of tough accounting problems (Jorissen et al., 2012). With the assistance of this accounting system, the accountants become able do the analysis of different types of accoutring issues. Thus, it can be said that the adoption of this accounting helps the business organizations in the decision-making process. In case of the complex financial reporting issues, the business organizations become able to get the basis of reasoning to solve these issues. For this reason, the accountants become able to narrow down all the alternatives so that they can reach to the correct solution of th ese problems. Thus, it can be said that this accounting process helps the accountants financial managers in bringing greater efficiency and consistency in dealing with different kinds of financial accounts of the companies. Apart from this, it needs to be mentioned that the accounting developed by the conceptual framework provides a guiding principle for the board of directors in the decision-making process (Henderson et al., 2015). Moreover, the inclusion of this accounting system is majorly helpful in the reduction of any kind of influence or biasness in the accounting process of the companies. For this reason, it can be observed that in the absence of this accounting system, the decisions of the management of the companies will be different due to the potential presence of biasness or influence. Another major aspect is the increase in financial credibility (Murphy OConnell, 2013). The use of this accounting system developed from conceptual framework provides credibility in the process of financial reporting and the accountants become able to increase this credibility of financial reporting. Hence, this particular aspect helps both the preparers and users of the financial statements of the companies as this accounting system bring internal consistency in the whole accounting process. Most importantly, it needs to be mentioned that this accounting system helps the users of the financial reports in the process of better understanding the accounting information; they also become able to understand the limitations of this accounting information (Zhang Andrew, 2014). This particular accounting provides the accountants and users of the financial statements with a frame of reference so that they can understand the results of the financial statements of the companies. Thus, from the above discussion, it can be seen that the accounting system developed from the conceptual framework has major benefits for the companies, accountants and the users of the accounting information. Requirement [b] In the provided article named, Financial Accoutring Knowledge, Conceptual Framework Projects and the Social Construction of the Accounting Profession, the author has sheds light on different aspects of the accounting profession (Hines, 1989). In this article, the author has mentioned that the professional practices have the power to solve different kinds of complex problems in the field of accounting. In the discussion of this article, it can be seen that the accounting professionals depend a lot on the accounting knowledge for different kinds of accounting problems (Hines, 1989). In this study, the author has mentioned about some specific skills required by the accountants while performing various operations in the accounting process; they are diligence, honesty, integrity, recording skill, bookkeeping skill, accuracy, orderliness, negotiation and many others. In the above discussion, it has been mentioned that the main advantage of the accounting system developed by conceptual fram ework is that it helps all the parties like the users, accountants, management of the companies and others (Hines, 1989). Thus, for all these reasons, it is required for the accounts to possess all the above-mentioned qualities along with effective accounting knowledge. Thus, based on the above discussion, it can be seen that the author of this article believe that both the users and accountants of the companies will be largely beneficial from the development of conceptual framework (Hines, 1989). Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be seen that there are three major alternatives of historical cost accounting; they are Constant Purchasing Power Accounting (CCPA), Current Cost Accounting (CCA) and Exit Price Accounting (EPA). The above discussion also shows that there are two types of users of accounting; they are external users and internal users. It can be seen that all these users need accounting for different purposes like investment decision-making, to know about the financial condition of the companies and others. From the last part of the report, it can be seen that the accounting system developed by conceptual framework has major advantages for the users, companies and accountants. References Chambers, R. L. (Ed.). (2014).An accounting thesaurus: 500 years of accounting. Elsevier. Djafri, O., Taleb, M. A., Bouteldja, A. (2014). Reforming the International Accounting Standards IAS/IFRS: A Need to Recover the Financial Stability?.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,5(15), 141. Edwards, J. R. (2013).A history of financial accounting (RLE Accounting)(Vol. 29). Routledge. Fields, E. (2016).The essentials of finance and accounting for nonfinancial managers. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Fischer, M., Marsh, T. (2013). Biological assets: Financial recognition and reporting using us and international accounting guidance.Journal of Accounting and Finance,13(2), 57. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., Howieson, B. (2015).Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hines, R (1989), "Financial accounting knowledge, conceptual framework projects and the social construction of the Accounting profession".Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal,2(2), pp. 72-92 Horngren, C., Harrison, W., Oliver, S., Best, P., Fraser, D., Tan, R. (2012).Financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Jorissen, A., Lybaert, N., Orens, R., Van Der Tas, L. (2012). Formal participation in the IASB's due process of standard setting: a multi-issue/multi-period analysis.European Accounting Review,21(4), 693-729. May, G. O. (2013).Financial accounting. Read Books Ltd. McCarthy, D. P., Donald, P. F., Scharlemann, J. P., Buchanan, G. M., Balmford, A., Green, J. M., ... Leonard, D. L. (2012). Financial costs of meeting global biodiversity conservation targets: current spending and unmet needs.Science, 1229803. Murphy, T., OConnell, V. (2013). Discourses surrounding the evolution of the IASB/FASB Conceptual Framework: What they reveal about the living law of accounting.Accounting, Organizations and Society,38(1), 72-91. Rodrigues, L. L., Schmidt, P., dos Santos, J. L. (2012). The origins of modern accounting in Brazil: Influences leading to the adoption of IFRS.Research in Accounting Regulation,24(1), 15-24. Schaltegger, S., Burritt, R. (2017).Contemporary environmental accounting: issues, concepts and practice. Routledge. Scott, W. R. (2015).Financial accounting theory(Vol. 2, No. 0, p. 0). Prentice Hall. Sharma, A., Panigrahi, P. K. (2013). A review of financial accounting fraud detection based on data mining techniques.arXiv preprint arXiv:1309.3944. Weil, R. L., Schipper, K., Francis, J. (2013).Financial accounting: an introduction to concepts, methods and uses. Cengage Learning. Whittington, G. (2014). 14 The LSE Triumvirate and its contribution to price change accounting.Twentieth Century Accounting Thinkers (RLE Accounting),34, 252. Zhang, Y., Andrew, J. (2014). Financialisation and the conceptual framework.Critical perspectives on accounting,25(1), 17-26.

analysis of alica keys essays

analysis of alica keys essays In the summer of 2001 a young women by the name of Alicia Keys was introduced to the Soul and RThe Diary of Alicia Keys. It is tough to distinguish what genre to place Alicias music under because her music is a fusion of hip-hop, Rs music could also be classified to be classical, since she makes use of her talents as a classically trained pianist. Alicias music contains a variety of sounds which is influenced by the many classical composers and contemporary artists she has grown up to adore which represents how unique her style is compared to any other modern artist. Since Alicia was brought up in New York, it is easy to say that she has certainly been influenced by pop culture and thus her music would be as well; however, with her clever use of combining the classical and hip hop genre to popular songs, it is indeed without a doubt that her music is geared towards the pop culture society while preserving a portion of the classical genre. Popular culture is roughly defined as the displacement of religion due to the advancement of science and technology where the majority begins to focus on more measurable things such as ownership, values, and doings (Mills). In Alicia Keys, If I Aint Got You, the first stanza begins with the continual repetition of Some people..., and it is here that she catches the listeners attention. Here, she allows her audience to understand that in todays society many are living for the fortune, fame and power, and she then cries out, but that lifes a bore...so full of the superficial (Lyrics). This depicts that the majority of the people in popular culture are more individualistic and self-centered compared ...

Name that festive tune - Emphasis

Name that festive tune Name that festive tune Oh, jingle bells! Under the influence of one too many eggnog-laced espressos, weve only gone and rewritten verses from three popular Christmas songs in almost impenetrable management speak. Passive constructions? Tautology? Unnecessarily long words? Latin? Oh yes. Can you translate these tunes back to their original festive format? Email us your answers once youve deciphered them. The first five people with the correct songs will win a copy of the book My Grammar and I (or should that be Me?) And, from everyone at Emphasis: it is our fondest desire that you experience a convivial festive period. We really mean it. 1 The decrepitation of Castanea sativa on an unenclosed conflagration The arctic impingement of Jokul Frosti on ones proboscis The harmonising of a choral ensemble on festive canticles And citizens attired in the accoutrement of the Inuit. 2 Im experiencing a reverie in which I behold a Yuletide that is niveous In all ways identical to those I was familiar with at some point prior to today During which time the uppermost parts of foliage scintillated And pre-pubescent juveniles gave attention To perceive tintinnabulation amongst crystalline water ice. 3 The Ilex aquifolium and the Hedera helix At the exact moment that they have advanced to their maximum dimension Taking into account the entire scope of flora to be found in the thicket It is atop the Ilex aquifolium that the coronet is borne.

Year 1987 as a break point in the development of the chinese Fifth Essay

Year 1987 as a break point in the development of the chinese Fifth Generation filmmakers - Essay Example The decades also saw a rapid growth in the education of the people. A special group of people, studying the art of film making defied the norms for film making, questioning and scrutinizing every single act of their profession. They devised new methods of taking shots, and they were eager to showcase their talents and break the inherent rules of film making. The consequence of which is the birth of fifth generation filmmakers - Zhang Yimou, Tian Zhuangzhuang, Chen Kaige, etc. They revolutionized filmmaking and opened new markets for Chinese films in the West. The critically acclaimed western directors took notice of their talents and the films of these directors such as Yellow Earth, Red Sorghum, etc., won high accolades from the film ‘circle’. To analyze more about the development of fifth generation and its implications on the Chinese film industry, a critical review of the films released during that period can be taken into consideration. Xudong Zhang and Rey Chowâ₠¬â„¢s critical analysis of the films â€Å"King of the Children†, directed by Chen Kaige and â€Å"Red Sorghum† by Yimou Zhang can lead the right pathway to understand why 1987 is considered to be the breakpoint in the development of fifth generation filmmakers. ... It was the third film of Chen Kaige, revolving around a simple man, who goes out to a remote place, outside of his city to teach illiterate people. In the process, he finds out the troubles and suffering of the people with the lack of proper materials to educate themselves and the consequences of the socio economic changes. Chen tries to portray the lack of food, poverty, unemployment and lack of education prevalent in China during this period. In a period where martial arts and urban culture reigned supreme, Chen’s work proved to be an unthinkable one, defying the rules laid out by the censor boards of that time. Irrespective of all its critical appreciations, the film somehow failed to achieve commercial success both in international as well as domestic level. Xudong Zhang’s views According to Zhang, â€Å"King of the Children† released in 1987 needs to be appreciated for two major reasons – its aesthetic nature of film making and its bold way of storyte lling breaking all the norms of the social culture present in that era. Despite this and â€Å"Red Sorghum† being the only films with a more rural background of all the movies from the fifth generation film makers, they actually epitomized the significance of these people. What really impresses Zhang about the film is the ability and skill of the director to bring out his own personal experience combined with the social plundering happening across the country in a melancholic and subtle way, pushing the cinematic modernism to its peak. The thing that befuddles the author is the failure of the film which is considered to be the â€Å"ultimate emblem of China’s Fifth Generation Film† (Zhang 1997). Although the film maker considers it to be an expected occurrence from

Organizational Behavior, Integrative Paper Essay

Organizational Behavior, Integrative Paper - Essay Example ions, interpersonal conflict management strategies, how groups become teams, leadership different from management, and types of organizational structures. Strategic decisions differ form operational decisions in that strategic decisions deal with long term issues, while operational decisions cover the immediate or short term. Some examples of strategic decisions are decisions to purchase new equipment to implement upgrades, profitability decisions, capital investment decisions, and decisions on how to improve the market share of an enterprise. The executive management team of a company is responsible for the strategic decisions of a company. A few years ago I encountered at my job the difficulties associated with strategic and operational decisions. The crew of employees I was working with made a request for new equipment to be used immediately in the company. The use of the $30,000 machinery would reduce the completion time of the project by 50%. The overall project cost was going to be lower due to the labor savings. The team was very frustrated when the petition was denied. The justification for denying the request was that money w as being reserve to purchase new equipment in the summer of 2013. Our team was not able to produce like they could because the company preferred to save money for the long term strategic decisions than to invest money to improve the current operations of the firm. Strategic decisions are also important. For instance companies such as Microsoft when they release a new product they already have a plan ready on how to substitute the product once it reaches the declining stage of its product life cycle. Conflict in the workplace is an undesirable outcome that occurs due to the inevitable differences among human beings. Conflict occurs when two or more parties disagree over a substantial issue. One of the causes of conflict is people not being able to control their emotions. The four stages of conflict are antecedent conditions, felt

See a brand or product in a movie and describe it the movie is Essay

See a brand or product in a movie and describe it the movie is (italian job) the movie made in 2003 - Essay Example Mini Cooper was the leading element during a thriller chase sequence in the movie. The use of Mini Cooper was incorporated in the story in a perfect manner (Ebert). The use of this product was ideal, in a way, that it was a very compact, transportable and perfect for the movie like The Italian Job. The Product placement has apparently proved itself to be very successful. It was a large branding effort by Mini Cooper Company and BMW. Three Mini Coopers were specially designed and built for the movie that included two electric powered Mini Coopers and one technically designed Mini Cooper as gasoline power-driven vehicles are prohibited in L.A subway system, so BMW kept all the considerations as priority. Throughout the making of the movie all the cars were provided by BMW to meet the requirements of the production whereas BMW did not pay for the placement of these cars. I particularly noticed the product as the most influential element of the movie that attracted me. First appearance of the car in the movie was just after Norton’s character goes rogue and killed Charlie. One of the Red Mini Cooper was driven by Stella (one of the main character of the movie) in the opening of the movie. After that Mini Coopers can be seen at the scene when rob, Charlie and Stella in Mini Coopers rushed into the subway when Napster signals them and then they jumped into the subway tunnel however Mini coopers can eminently seen all through the movie during all the action, robbery and chase through the streets of L.A. According to my point of view there is no possible potential risk to the product regarding this movie. The most effective aspect of the placement was the drastic change in sales that were noticed after the release if the movie. It was reported in the Business Week 2004, that the sales of Mini Coopers in 2003 had considerably increased by 22 percent as compared to the last year; it was due to the

Culture of multilingual students

Culture of multilingual students Annotated Bibliography Sowden, C. (2005). Point and counterpoint. Plagiarism and the culture of multilingual students in higher education abroad. ELT Journal, Volume 59/3 July 2005. doi : 10. 1093/elt/ccio42. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sowdens research investigates multilingual students possessing different cultural values considering plagiarism in academic writing. In the introduction, the importance of avoiding stereotyping and respecting foreign traditions are mentioned as a main criteria. Instead of plagiarism already discouraged by practising oral presentations, students familiarity with concepts should be improved. After considering the fact of multilingual students commiting plagiarism, aclear distinction between the plagiarism of ideas and the plagarism of language is made in the research. Examining the plagiarism of ideas, the research shows that the Asian teaching system called Confucian teaching depends on statements cited just once. Furthermore, students are required to reproduce papers and copy teachers as well as not having own opinion. Finally, the research explains that committing plagiarism is part of the learning method, and valid intertextuality from deliberate copying can be distinguished. Rà ©ka Lelkes Gergely J. Tamà ¡si BBN-ANG-108/s Annotated Bibliography March 5, 2010 Liu, D. (2005). Plagiarism in ESOL students : is cultural conditioning truly the major culprit? ELT Journal, Volume 59/3 July 2005. doi : 10. 1093/elt/ccio43. Oxford : Oxford University Press. Lius article, after claiming that plagiarism was considered mainly aculture-specific concept in the past decade, does not agree with Sowden that the issue of multilingual students commiting plagiarism should be dealt in moderation. Lius research investigates that information about ESOL students found plagiarizing is dubious and inaccurate. He agrees with Sowden that cultural differences and the arreas of learning can not be distinguished. On the contrary, he mentions stereotyping as anegative phenomenon used by teachers for student behaviour. He also mentions the encouraging athmosphere of Chinese education where students are not allowed to plagiarize. This article states that while memorizing the writings, students in China gain knowledge about writing techniques and rethorical styles as well. In conclusion, he adds that the aim of teachers is to provide the highest level of teaching language and academic writing for students. Rà ©ka Lelkes Gergely J. Tamà ¡si BBN-ANG-108/s Thesis Statement March 5, 2010 Thesis Statement Although many people may not have enough leisure time, Ibelieve that reading books instead of watching their movie adaptation is definitely better for three reasons. Rà ©ka Lelkes Gergely J. Tamà ¡si BBN-ANG-108/s Annotated Bibliography March 5, 2010 Ridgway, T. (2000) Listening Strategies I beg your pardon? ELT Journal, Volume 54/2 April. Oxford : Oxford University Press. The article of Ridgway investigates the relationship between oral and written communication. He claims that skills and strategies can be distinguished as two important groups, and the meaning of strategies spreading from language is not clear. Other problem in case of strategies is deciding how useful strategies are in pedagogic practise.

Americas Economy Today Essay -- essays research papers

America’s Economy Today   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With all the bad publicity about the economy nowadays anyone with access to a TV, magazine, or newspaper should be somewhat familiar with the current economic crisis here in America. It seems like the Dow Jones Industrial Index and the S&P 500 Index are dropping lower every day, not to mention the poor condition of tech stocks listed in Nasdaq. Here’s some current stock market figures that display the markets current deterioration: The Nasdaq index lost 8 percent of its value, putting it nearly two thirds off its peak last year, the Dow Jones index closed below 10,000, ending its biggest one-week point drop in 11 years, the S&P 500 index is now down 25% from its peak last March. This marks the start of the first bear market in half a generation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The future certainly looks grim just by looking at the major index’s performance, but that is not the only thing we have to worry about. Consumer spending fuels two thirds of the economy and consumer confidence fuels consumer spending. So far this year, consumer confidence has been dropping drastically. People have still been spending at about an average rate, but as the market continues this downward spiral people will definitely begin to hold onto their money a little tighter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone knows about the big tax cut George Bush is promising us, but how much will it really help the economy? The Bush administrati...

Jane Eyre: Temptations to Self Essay

During the mid-nineteenth century, the English writer Charlotte Bronte published Jane Eyre under the pen name Currer Bell. Jane Eyre is a novel of the bildungsroman genre, meaning that is follows a character through the stages of their life. This novel follows the emotions and experiences of its protagonist as she develops into adulthood. On her journey, she finds love in the master of the fictitious Thornfield Hall as well as her true identity. Jane Eyre’s strong sense of morality and equality become the backbone of her definition of self as well as the fight between love and passion. The introduction of love becomes a temptation and develops into an internal battle. The bildungsroman nature of this novel allows the battle to be broken down into the stages defined by the author. Therefore, the first stage is that of Jane Eyre’s time at Thornfield Hall and her courtship with Mr. Rochester. This is the point in which she must chose between herself and her love. Edward Rochester is Jane’s greatest temptation and the largest obstacle to her identity, the battle is most ardently viewed in three separate stages within her time at Thornfield Hall: the inequality of the courtship between Jane and Mr. Rochester, the lead up to the their nuptials and the moral choice after the revelation of Bertha Mason. Jane’s story is one of the search for love from another. This love is not just in the romantic sense, but in the sense of belonging and being valued as well. In order to gain love, Jane must learn how to love and be loved without sacrificing her sense of self in the process. Therefore, love is the greatest quest in Jane Eyre as well as the greatest temptation to a life without morality and equality. During Jane’s first few months at Thornfield, her position of governess and her growing love interest for her master become a temptation to her identity and her reverence for equality. Edward Rochester is an established man and Jane’s employer; he naturally designates himself in command. Jane is a passionate young lady, as observed from the beginning of the novel, she therefore has a quick tongue and her intelligence gives sharpness to her words. Her tendency to allow her opinions to fall from her mouth tests the relationship of master and employee between she and Mr. Rochester. In one instance, he claims authority over her and she responds by claiming that he  had â€Å"no right to command† her and that his â€Å"claim to superiority† depends on the use that he made of his â€Å"time and experience (JE 114)1.† Her dismissal of his authority demonstrates her adherence to equality between herself and everyone in her life. She wishes to be seen as someone of equal standing though she has no money and is seemingly powerless. This lack of social status and personal wealth unnerves her as she realizes that she will never be an independent woman. The nuptials of Mr. Rochester and Jane presents the new temptation to Jane’s identity, that of marriage and wealth. Rochester showering Jane with gifts and the luxuries that come with the ability to provide makes Jane uncomfortable and worry of what she can bring to the marriage. Though Rochester is her love, her being poor and without wealth of her own presents a personal struggle for Jane in this section of her life. Elements of Jane Eyre are feminist, and her inability to provide money, or even work after her marriage is something that leaves Jane feeling uncomfortable. She asserts herself by making it known that she would still be Adele’s governess after the wedding and earn her keep in the household. This demonstrates Jane’s internal drive for equality and wholehearted reliance on it as a part of her identity. Jane feels that if she obtained personal wealth or an inheritance of her own that she and Mr. Rochester would be an equal match. Therefore, when she is economically equal to her mate she will feel ready to marry him. After she inherits twenty thousand pounds from John Eyre, her lost Uncle, she feels financially independent and eventually marries Mr. Rochester. The morality of Jane Eyre is tested when Mr. Rochester asks her to be his mistress while Bertha Mason is still his wife. Jane must again chose between love and the image she has of herself. Rochester asks her to accompany him to the south of France and live as husband and wife. Jane believes in the â€Å"law given by God (JE 270)† and promptly denies him. The themes of conscience and passion seem to echo throughout the entirety of Jane Eyre and the question of which one to follow. The passion of Jane is inescapable and yet she has a seemingly close relationship with God. Jane chooses conscience over passion at this point in the novel, up until now she relied heavily on  emotion and forgot reason. She was replacing God with her love of Mr. Rochester, and now she must reject the man that she placed on a heavenly pedestal. At this time, she realizes that â€Å"laws and principles are not for times when there is no temptation: they are for such moments as this. (JE 270)† She knows that she must leave Thornfield Hall and Mr. Rochester in order to find the balance within herself once more. She fears the loss of her autonomy, and this fear motivates her to refuse Mr. Rochester’s proposal of â€Å"marriage.† By Rochester remaining legally married to Bertha Mason, Jane believed she would be making herself a mistress and therefore would lose her own integrity and morality. Jane’s battle of love reaches its climax as she is challenged by choosing herself or choosing Rochester As Jane readies to leave Thornfield she has an internal conflict, between the love she feels and her own identity. â€Å"Soothe him; save him; love him; tell him you love him and will be his (JE 270).† Jane argues with herself eventually challenging her identity with â€Å" Who in the world cares for you? (JE 270)†This is the pinnacle of temptation over identity. Her battle with love comes to its climax, here she must choose between her love for a man who treats her with inequality and immorally asks her to marry him though he has a wife already; or her own strict adherence to herself. Her response to the question of who cares is â€Å"I care for myself. The more solitary, the more friendless, the more unsustained I am, the more I will respect myself (JE 270).†Bronte chose for Jane to choose herself over Rochester, by doing so Jane becomes stronger than Rochester. The choice to abandon love and for Jane to find strength in herself is the reason that Jane finds a happy ending. This avoidance of temptation, allows Jane to ultimately reach self-actualization in her eventual marriage of Rochester. The most noteworthy man in Jane Eyre attempts to establish himself as dominant over Jane and therefore unequal. Jane never allows her independence to be compromised, nor does she allow the temptations that plague her to break her understanding of herself. The only time that Jane submits to a man in the novel is once she knows that she is intellectually, financially and emotionally equal. Only after she proves that she has reached self-actualization can she happily marry Mr. Rochester and not be dependent  on him as her master. Their marriage could only happen if it was to happen between equals, â€Å"I am my husband’s life as fully as he is mine†¦To be together is for us to be at once in solitude, as gay as in company†¦we are precisely suited in character – perfect concord is the result (JE 384).† Jane Eyre is an attempt to deny the patriarchal forces that command and control women and to allow women to find their own voices and their own selves and to follow them. Jane’s self was one of morality and equality, and that was most clearly viewed in her relationship with Edward Rochester, through their courtship, attempted wedding and her eventual decision to leave and find her own way. Jane Eyre’s happy ending is her own doing and her own fight for equality and morality.

Can I get out of taking the SAT or ACT

Can I get out of taking the SAT or ACT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Some College say scores are not required. Does this mean you have carte blanche to get out of the SAT or ACT? Scores Not Required? When you hear that a school is â€Å"test flexible† or â€Å"doesn’t require scores,† it’s important to do some research before you assume you’re off the testing hook. Although there are technically hundreds of schools that don’t require standardized testing, many of them require some other information instead, or only exempt applicants from test scores if they meet other criteria. For example, at University of Texas at Austin, only students who are in the top 8% of their graduating class may opt not to submit scores. â€Å"Test flexible† sounds good, but all it means is that you can submit AP or IB scores instead of those from the SAT or ACT. These schools also accept SAT Subject Tests, which many consider to be more difficult than the general test. So this isn’t a huge benefit to most studentsthey’ll have to take a standardized test one way or another. You should also consider that most schools that don’t require scores do allow them, and that other applicants will probably be submitting them. For example, at Hampshire College in Amherst, MA, test scores aren’t required but 87% of applicants submit them anyway. Do you want to be in the other 13% if you don’t have to? No, you do not. More information is better, and mastering these tests shows admissions officers your strengths. Without scores, they have to assume you’re hiding a weakness. If You Did Poorly on the SAT or ACT Don’t give up! Easily the biggest mistake teenagers make in academics (and a lot of other things) is giving up. Most students who tank standardized tests are, more than anything else, confused by the format of the examand rightly so. Because the SAT and ACT have to be 100% fair and consistent, they’ve ended up with a lot of weird quirks. But for those same reasons, it can be really easy to understand these quirks (that’s what we’re here for!) and use the test to your advantage. Even beyond that, though, the SATeven though it’s trying to test reasoningactually requires a very limited skillset that can be applied in a variety of ways. SAT and ACT prep (such as PrepScholar!) can define those skills for youskills which, by the way, aren’t completely disconnected from real life. Improve your SAT score by preparing, and it’s likely you’ll improve in other academic areas as well. If You’ve Never Taken the SAT or ACT Maybe you hate tests, or you hate getting up early (every regular administration of the SAT ACT starts at 8am), or you don’t think you have the time to study. The bottom line is that, compared to your academic (and occupational) future, none of those things matter. Let’s say you apply to 3 schools, and the most prestigious one, Bowdoin College in Maine, doesn’t require the SAT or ACT. Only 15% of applicants in 2012 chose not to submit scores, and you are one of those. Although your application will still be considered, it is inherently less broad than those of the other 85% of applicants. Let’s say you don’t get in, and you end up at your second choice school instead. After 4 years of coursework there, no matter how well you do, you still won’t have a diploma from Bowdoin. The prestige associated with a more selective school, not to mention the potentially higher quality education, will serve you for the rest of your life. What’s 40 hours of studying compared to that? The Bottom Line No matter how you feel about the SAT or ACT, or even whether you’ll use them in your applications, you should take them and see how you do. If you don’t kill it, do some prep and try againit’s worth the effort, no matter where you apply. Liked this article? Subscribe to updates on the right! We promise never to sell your email.

Writing Tips The Elements of a Screenplay

Writing Tips The Elements of a Screenplay Writing Tips: The Elements of a Screenplay A â€Å"screenplay† is typically a script for a movie or television show. And if you see a screenplay on paper, you’ll notice it has a specific â€Å"look† and structure. This is partly due to the formatting, but it is also because all scripts contain certain things. Key elements include: Scene headings Descriptions of the action Character names Dialogue Parentheticals and extensions Transitions and shots We’ll now look at each of these screenplay elements in detail. 1. Scene Headings Each scene in your script should begin with a scene heading written in all caps. Usually, these provide information on whether the scene takes place inside (INT.) or outside (EXT.), the specific location, and what time of day or night it is. This is also known as a â€Å"slug line.† For example: INT. BEDROOM – NIGHT. EXT. CAPITOL BUILDING – SUNSET. The first scene heading above tells us that the scene takes place inside a bedroom at night. The second, meanwhile, is for a scene that takes place outside the Capitol Building at sunset. 2. Action The â€Å"action† in a script is where you describe the setting and what happens in each scene. As such, this will cover most of the text in your script other than the dialogue. However, action descriptions should only mention things that can be seen or heard (not what characters are thinking or feeling). Action lines in a screenplay.(Image: Entheta/wikipedia) A good rule here is to use the present tense and active voice whenever possible. This will ensure the action feels urgent on the page. You should also keep descriptions of action brief (ideally, no more than 3-5 lines per paragraph) so that your screenplay does not become too long. 3. Characters The first time you name someone in the action of your screenplay, you should write their name in all caps to show that you’re introducing a new character. This might be an actual name (e.g., SHIRLEY or MAJID) or a role description (e.g., PRISON GUARD or ANGRY DRIVER). We also use character names to show who is speaking in the dialogue. In this case, the name is usually written in all caps and indented roughly 2† (or 5cm) from the left margin on the page. The dialogue itself is then given on the next line, continuing until the character stops speaking. Finally, you may see some scripts with a list of characters at the beginning. This is especially common in stage plays, but not generally something you would include in a screenplay. 4. Dialogue The dialogue in a script is what the characters will say on screen, but it also includes voiceovers or voices coming from off screen (see the bit on extensions below for how this works). Typically, you should indent each line of dialogue 1† (2.5 cm) from the left margin and end 1.5† (3.75cm) from the right margin. This will ensure it appears in roughly the center of the page. 5. Parenthetical and Extensions Parentheticals and extensions provide extra information about what is happening in a screenplay: A parenthetical tells us how a character says something or what they are doing while they speak. These appear on the line between the character name and the dialogue itself. An extension is a note given in brackets after a character’s name stating how the audience will hear something. The most common are O.S. (offscreen) and V.O. (voiceover). These are usually given immediately after the character’s name when introducing dialogue. You should therefore add these to your screenplay as and when required. 6. Transitions and Shots Finally, we have transitions and shots. These notes provide extra information, much like parentheticals and extensions. However, transition and shot notes are specific to shooting and editing. A typical â€Å"transition† note, for example, might say CUT TO: or FADE TO: to show how two scenes should be edited together in the final version. A â€Å"shot† note, meanwhile, would tell us what kind of shot to use when filming a scene (e.g., CLOSE UP or REVERSE ANGLE). Generally, these are only included in a shooting script (i.e., a script that is already being produced). As such, you can leave these notes out if you are writing a spec script (i.e., a script you will pitch to producers).

Human Sexuality- Prostitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words - 1

Human Sexuality- Prostitution - Essay Example Out of this the aspect of sociological context is the most important of all because every move made by an individual is done as a part of the social structure and defining the social trends relating to sexuality and intimacy would yield the result concerning pornography. Fundamentally, it could be stated that the answers lies in the different sociological factors that has dominant influence on the human mind in relation to pornography like prostitution, adolescent malfunction, marriage, concept of love, homosexuality and various sexual perversions. It could be stated that the history of pornography can be traced back to the site of prostitution. It should be remembered that during the excavation at the site of Pompeii a roman brothel was found which an all kind of sexual activities depicted on the wall. One of them included a man having sexual act with a goat and several had polygamous scenario. In another site in India near Tamluk several terracotta plates were excavated that has varieties of sexual orientations engraved on it including woman having sexual act with a dog or fox. That site was identified as a brothel. Though the sex manual of 400 AD India (Crooks, 2005) was not pornography but a philosophy concerning sexuality, it should be remembered that the site of this text was a brothel in Pataliputra. Thus the connection between pornography and prostitution could be well established. It is obvious that the establishment of prostitution was often implemented by the local rulers for various motives but it is true at the sam e time that these prostitutions only yielded detrimental effects on the society by harvesting different sexual disease like syphilis more often than not.

Social Determinant of Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Determinant of Health - Essay Example The lower end of the hierarchy becomes the subject of the misfortunes within a given community. The essay will focus on the Martin’s family with an aim of determining how the social determinants of health are crucial. The level health is determined by the way people access different amenities. The social determinants are variables under which health providers depend on while designing health models. The Martin’s family is an extended family with a number of risk factors that determine their health status. The family lineage consist of hereditary diseases and habits that tend to recur a cross the family members. Mary Martin is married to Dominic and after 52 years, she is left a widower. The family had three children with the younger one deceased. Isaac and Julia are both alcoholics and Isaac died from an accident. Gilbert’s wife divorces his first wife and marries a second wife. The marriage results two children. His first marriage on the other hand bore the pair a son. The first wife suffered from asthma. The second wife has a history of schizophrenia. The ex-wife parents were alcoholic, her father died from lung cancers, and her mother dies of breast cancer. The family has a history of asthma, cancer and alcoholism (The Canadian Neighborhood n.d). The Martins family has a history of alcoholism. The factor puts the family at risk of passing the habit to future generation. The family linage has had a history of alcoholism. The male population tends to be at a higher risk of becoming an alcoholic than the female population. The family tends to adapt a culture of alcoholism. The environment under which a person stay, could influence their heath and habits that constitute to their health habits. The alcoholism tends to be a major factor in terms of the family health is concern. Children born from this family will tend to adapt alcoholic habits. The culture would tend to