Monday, August 24, 2020

Models of Celebrity Endorsement Strategy

Models of Celebrity Endorsement Strategy The choice of big name endorsers isn't a simple undertaking; numerous researchers have attempted to make models so as to help for the privilege choosing of VIP endorsers. Hovland et al (1953) theoretically contributed perhaps the most punctual model, which is Source Credibility Model. Afterwords, the Source Attractiveness Model (McGuire, 1985), the Product Match-Up Hypothesis (Forkan, 1980; Kamins, 1989, 1990), and the Meaning Transfer Model (McCracken, 1989) was introduced through exactly analysts thusly. The Source Credibility Model and Source Attractiveness Model are sorted under the nonexclusive name of Source Models since these two models essentially appear and reflect research of the Social Influence Theory/Source Effect Theory, which contends that different qualities of an apparent correspondence source may beneficially affect message receptivity (Kelman, 1961; Meenaghan, 1995). The source believability model depends on investigate in social brain research (Hovland and Weiss, 1951-1952; Hovland, Jani, and Kelley, 1953). The Hovland adaptation of model present that a message depends for its viability on the expertness and reliability of the source (Hovland et al., 1953, p.20; Dholakia and Sternthal, 1977; Sternthal, Dholakia, and Leavitt, 1978), which implies that data from a tenable source (e.g.celebrity) can impact convictions, sentiments, perspectives, and additionally conduct through a procedure called disguise, which happens when beneficiaries acknowledge a source impact regarding their own mentality and worth structures (Erdogan, 1999). Expertness is characterized as the degree to which a communicator is seen to be a wellspring of substantial attestations and alludes to the information, experience or abilities controlled by an endorser. Hovland et al (1953) and Ohanian (1991) accepted that it doesn't generally make a difference whether an endorser is a specialist, yet the only thing that is important is the means by which the intended interest group sees the endorser. Notwithstanding, Aaker and Myers (1987) upheld a source/big name that is progressively master to be increasingly influential and to produce more aims to purchase the brand (Ohanian, 1991). Thus, master sources impact view of the items quality (Erdogan, 1999). In the interim; Speck et al (1988) found that master superstars created higher review of item data than non-master famous people, despite the fact that the thing that matters was not factually huge. Additionally, VIPs proficient achievements and aptitude may fill in as an intelligent association w ith the items, and thusly make the support progressively acceptable to purchasers (Till and Brusler, 2000). Reliability alludes to the trustworthiness, respectability and acceptability of an endorser relying upon target crowd recognitions (Erdogan, 1999). Sponsors benefit from the estimation of dependability by choosing endorsers, who are generally viewed as genuine, trustworthy, and reliable (Shimp, 1997). Smith (1973) contends that buyers see deceitful big name endorsers as faulty message sources paying little heed to their characteristics. Friedman, et al (1978) tended to that reliability is the significant determinant of source believability and afterward attempted to find that agreeability was the most significant quality of trust. In this manner, they prescribed promoters to choose characters who are popular when a dependable VIP is wanted to underwrite brands. In any case, Ohanian (1991) found that dependability of a VIP was not noteworthy identified with clients aims to purchase a supported ethnic status could influence endorser reliability and brand mentalities, since individuals trust endorsers who are like them. Their discoveries suggested that while focusing on specific ethnic gatherings, for example, Africans and Asians, ethnic foundation ought to be deliberately assessed. Estimating source believability in choosing big name It is very sensible to bode well that a sources believability is absolutely abstract, yet look into shows that despite singular inclinations, a high level of understanding exists among people (Berscheid et al, 1971). Patzer (1983) built up the Truth-of-Consensus strategy to evaluate a sources believability and engaging quality. The strategy depends on the establishment that people decisions of appeal and believability are normally emotional, yet these decisions are molded through Gestalt standards of individual observation instead of single attributes. Strikingly, based on broad writing survey and factual tests, Ohanian (1990) built a tri-part big name endorser validity scale, (see figure) which accept that believability and adequacy of superstar endorsers is related with given trademark measurements, despite the fact that McCracken (1989) contended that the big name world comprises of significantly more simply appealing and trustworthy people. Table 2: Source Credibility Scale Allure Dependability Aptitude Appealing Unattractive Dependable Untrustworthy Master Not Expert Tasteful Not Classy Trustworthy Undependable Experience-Inexperienced Delightful Ugly Legitimate Dishonest Educated Unknowledgeable Rich Plain Solid Unreliable Qualified-Unqualified Hot Not Sexy True Insincere Gifted Unskilled Source: Ohanian, R (1990) Construction and approval of a scale to quantify superstar endorsers saw aptitude, dependability and allure, Journal of Advertising, p39-52 The Source Attractiveness Model Promoters have picked VIP based on their allure to pick up from double impacts of big name status and physical intrigue (Singer, 1983). Then, look into demonstrated that genuinely alluring endorsers are increasingly effective at evolving convictions (Baker and Chrurchill, 1977; Chaiken, 1979; Debevec and Kernan, 1984) and producing buy expectations (Friedman et al, 1976; Petroshius and Schuman, 1989; Petty and Cacioppo, 1980) than those ugly people. Thus, McGuire (1985) directed an exact research to battle that the adequacy of a message relies upon comparability, recognition and loving for an endorser. The McGuire (1985) model holds that sources that are known to, enjoyed by, or potentially like the customer are appealing and, convincing. The source engaging quality model additionally lays on social mental research (McCracken, 1989). In the interim, Cohen and Golden (1972) recommended that physical engaging quality of an endorser decides the adequacy of convincing correspondence through a procedure called distinguishing proof, which is expected to happen when data from an appealing source is acknowledged because of want to relate to such endorsers. Unimportant and Cacioppo (1980) led allure of endorsers as far as a cleanser commercial to appreciate viability of promoting message types. In 1983, Petty et al recreated the prior investigation in 1980. Their discoveries underscore the collaboration between association level and endorser type. Under low-inclusion conditions, the endorser type significantly affected mentalities towards the item despite the fact that no effect was found on conduct goals. As for review and acknowledgment measures, discoveries demonstrated that introduction to superstar endorsers expanded review of the item classification just under low-contribution conditions. In addition, the endorser type control uncovered that big names had possibly huge effect on brand name review over commonplace residents. Patzer (1985: p30) expressed that physical engaging quality is a data prompt; includes impacts that are unpretentious, unavoidable, and certain; produces a distinct example of obvious contrasts; and rises above culture in its belongings. Patzer contends that individuals ordinarily blow up their own allure with the goal that appealing endorsers ought to be more powerful than normal looking endorsers. Kahle and Homer (1985) worked VIP physical appeal and agreeability and estimated demeanor and buy aims on a similar item: Edge razors. Discoveries showed that members presented to an appealing superstar preferred the item more than members presented to an ugly VIP. Review for the brand was more noteworthy both in appealing and amiable superstar conditions. In any case, unlikeable big names out of the blue performed preferred on acknowledgment gauges over agreeable and alluring VIPs. In the mean time, discoveries demonstrated that an appealing superstar made more buy goals than ugly big name, however on the other hand an unlikeable VIP delivered a bigger number of expectations to purchase the item than an affable VIP. Significantly, concentrates by Cabalero (1989) and Till and Brusler (1998) exhibit that positive sentiments towards promoting and items don't really convert into real conduct or buy expectations. A potential purpose behind the absence of VIP endorsers impact on goals to buy is that VIP support appears to take a shot at the subjective and full of feeling parts of perspectives as opposed to the conduct segments (Baker and Churchill, 1977; Fireworker and Friedman, 1977). Regarding sex sway among endorsers and target crowd, Debevec and Kernan (1984) found that appealing female model created more improved perspectives than alluring male models across the two sexual orientations and especially among guys. Then again, Cabalero et al (1989) found that guys demonstrated more prominent aims to purchase from male endorsers and females hold more prominent goals to buy from female endorsers. Moreover, Baker and Churchill (1977) found a somewhat startling connection among female models, item type and aims to buy items among male subjects. For example, when the supported item was espresso, an ugly female model made a larger number of goals to purchase the item than her alluring partner among guys, while when it was scent or post-shaving astringent, male responded all the more decidedly to an appealing female model. Be that as it may, Petroshius and

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Outline Example

Blueprint Example Blueprint †Coursework Example What Factors That Influence Exchange Rates and How? Point: What Factors That Influence Exchange Rates and How Introduction The soundness of the economy is controlled by a country’s trading rates. Be that as it may, the trade rates are broadly affected by various elements. Shockingly, the rates differ from nation to nation and for some random cash, over time.A. Proposition articulation Demand and gracefully, genuinely, are the key determiners of the conversion standard. A Great interest for merchandise will in general call for expanded estimation of the money. 2. BODYI) Factors That Influence Exchange RatesA. InflationChanges in showcase request cause an adjustment in money trade rates. A nation that encounters low expansion rates frequently empowers a thankfulness in the estimation of its money (Compare Remit, 2015). Where swelling is low, the costs of merchandise and ventures increment at a more slow rate. For example, if the expansion is low in US, its fare will be serious i n this way increment sought after. For this situation, their imports will be less serious subsequently little interest on imports.B. Intrigue ratesChanges in loan costs impact cash esteem. Expanded rate influences country’s cash. Higher interests welcome higher rates to banks in this way drawing in progressively outside capital (World’s Leading Macroeconomic Survey Firm, 2015). For example, in the event that US financing costs rise comparative with somewhere else, it will draw in more speculators to store in US banks. The estimation of the dollar will increment. C. SpeculationHere, examiners make the significant idea that there would raise of a money in future (CompareRemit, 2015). Accordingly, there would be more interest currently to make more benefit. This expansion popular will make the worth ascent. D. Government InterventionChina is one of the nations that underestimate its money to make Chinese items increasingly serious (Economics.Help, 2013). For the most part , they do this by getting US dollar resources henceforth expands the estimation of the Dollar to Yuan.ReferencesWorlds Leading Macroeconomic Survey Firm. (2011). Financial Factors Affecting Exchange Rates. Agreement Economics. Recovered from http://humanrights-success.blogspot.com/2013/02/human-rights-infringement in-center east.htmlCompare Remit.(2015). 8 Key Factors that Affect Foreign Exchange Rates. Recovered from compareremit.com/cash move direct/key-factors-influencing money trade rates/Economics.Help.(2013). Assisting with improving Economics. Recovered from economicshelp.org/macroeconomics/exchangerate/factors-affecting/

Friday, July 17, 2020

Mason, John

Mason, John Mason, John, 1586â€"1635, founder of New Hampshire , b. England. After serving (1615â€"21) as governor of Newfoundland, he and Sir Ferdinando Gorges received (1622) a patent from the Council for New England for all the territory lying between the Merrimack and Kennebec rivers. In 1629 they divided the grant, Mason taking as his share an area 60 mi (95 km) deep between the Merrimack and Piscataqua rivers, which he named New Hampshire. This grant was confirmed to him when the Council for New England surrendered its charter in 1635. Attempts by his heirs to make good their claims to this land led to long litigation. The inhabitants were finally compelled to recognize the Mason rights, which were sold (1746) by one of Mason's descendants to a group of 12 Portsmouth men, who became known as the Masonian Proprietors. They issued settlement permits and land titles in the undeveloped parts of Mason's grant. The grant was redefined by the state in 1788. See J. W. Dean, ed., Captain J ohn Mason (1887, repr. 1972). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Thursday, May 21, 2020

All About Nebulas Clouds of Gas and Dust in Space

A nebula (the Latin word for cloud) is a cloud of gas and dust in space and many can be found in our galaxy as well as in galaxies across the universe. Because nebulas are involved in the birth and death of stars, these regions of space are important to astronomers seeking to understand how stars form and expire. Key Takeaways: Nebulas Nebula refers to clouds of gas and dust in space.The most familiar nebulas are the Orion Nebula, the Ring Nebula, and the Carina Nebula.Astronomers have found nebulas in other galaxies in addition to the ones in the Milky Way.Some nebulas are involved in star formation while others are the result of star death. Not only are nebulas a crucial part of astronomy for astronomers, but they make interesting targets for backyard observers. Theyre not as bright as stars or planets, but they are incredibly beautiful and are a favorite subject of astrophotographers.  Some of the most intricate and detailed images of these regions come from orbiting observatories like the Hubble Space Telescope. A star-forming region called Mystic Mountain in the Carina Nebula. Its many peaks and fingers hide newly forming stars. NASA/ESA/STScI Types of Nebulas Astronomers divide nebulas into several major groups. One of these is the H II regions, also known as large diffuse nebulas. H II refers to their most common element, hydrogen, the main component of stars. The term diffuse is used to describe the large and irregular shapes associated with such nebulas. Nebulas and the Births of Stars H II regions are star-forming regions, places where stars are being born. It is very common to see such a nebula with flocks of hot, young stars within it. Those nebulas may be referred to as reflection nebulas since their clouds of gas and dust are illuminated by—or reflect—the light given off by these bright stars. These clouds of gas and dust may also absorb radiation from stars and emit it as heat. When that happens, they can be referred to as absorption nebulas and emission nebulas.   The Trifid Nebula, a star-forming region in the constellation Sagittarius, is shown here in full glorious color provided by the European Southern Observatory. Smaller telescopes will not show these colors, but a long-exposure photograph will.   European Southern Observatory There are also cold, dark nebulas that may or may not have starbirth occurring inside them. These clouds of gas and dust contain hydrogen and dust. So-called dark nebulas are sometimes referred to as Bok globules, after the astronomer Bart Bok who first observed them in the early 1940s. They are so dense that astronomers need specialized instruments to detect any heat coming from them that may indicate the births of stars.   The Horsehead Nebula is part of a dense cloud of gas in front of an active star-forming nebula known as IC434. The nebulosity of the Horsehead is believed to be excited by the nearby bright star Sigma Orionis. The streaks in the nebulosity that extend above the Horsehead are likely due to magnetic fields within the nebula. National Optical Astronomy Observatories/Travis Rector. Used by permission. Nebulas and the Death of Stars Depending on the size of the star, two classes of nebulas are created as stars die. The first includes supernova remnants, the most famous of which is the Crab Nebula remnant in the direction of the constellation Taurus. Thousands of years ago, a giant, high-mass star exploded in a catastrophic event called a supernova. It died when it began to fuse iron in its core, which stopped the stars nuclear furnace from working. In a short time, the core collapsed, as did all the layers above it. When the outer layers reached the core they rebounded (that is, bounced) back and that blew the star apart. The outer layers rushed out to space, creating a crab-shaped nebula that is still speeding outward. Whats left behind is a rapidly spinning neutron star, created from the remains of the core.   Hubble Space Telescopes view of the Crab Nebula supernova remnant. NASA/ESA/STScI Stars smaller than the Crab Nebulas progenitor star (that is, the star that blew up), dont die quite the same way. They do, however, send masses of material into space in the millennia before their final death throes. That material forms a shell of gas and dust around the star. After it gently blows its outer layers to space, whats left shrinks down to become a hot, white dwarf. The light and heat from that white dwarf illuminate the cloud of gas and dust, causing it to glow. Such a nebula is called a planetary nebula, so named because early observers like William Herschel thought they resembled planets.   The planetary nebula NGC 6781 as photographed through one of the telescopes of the European Southern Observatory in Chile. This nebula lies in Aquila and can be spotted with a good backyard-type telescope. ESO   How Are Nebulas Detected? Nebulas of all kinds are best detected using telescopes. The best-known exception to this is the Orion Nebula, which is barely visible to the naked eye. Its much easier to observe a nebula using magnification, which also helps the observer see more of the light coming from the object. Planetary nebulas are among the dimmest ones, and theyre also the shortest-lived. Astronomers suspect they only last perhaps only ten thousand years or so after they form. H II regions last as long as theres enough material to continue forming stars. Theyre easier to see because of the bright starlight that causes them to glow.   The star Eta Carinae is a hypergiant in the southern hemisphere skies. Its the bright star (left), embedded in the Carina Nebula, which is a star-forming region in the southern hemisphere sky. European Southern Observatory Best-known Nebulas As well as the Orion Nebula and the Crab Nebula, skygazers keep to observe these clouds of gas and dust should get to know the Carina Nebula (in the Southern Hemisphere Sky), Horsehead Nebula, and the Ring Nebula in Lyra (which is a planetary nebula). The Messier list of objects also contains many nebulas for stargazers to search out.   Sources NASA, NASA, spaceplace.nasa.gov/nebula/en/.â€Å"Nebulae - The Dust of Stars.† Windows to the Universe, www.windows2universe.org/the_universe/Nebula.html.â€Å"Planetary Nebulae.† The Hubble Constant, 3 Dec. 2013, www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/oir/planetary-nebulae.http://skyserver.sdss.org/dr1/en/astro/stars/stars.asp

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Propaganda in American Media Essay - 805 Words

Propaganda in American Media One of the greatest revolutions in the twentieth century was not political in nature, however, it aided in many different political revolutions. This revolution was the communications revolution. The twentieth century has experienced one of the greatest changes in means of communication including technologies such as radio, motion pictures, the Internet, advanced communications and most importantly the television. Sadly, political leaders and the government to convince or persuade the masses that their ideas supercede those of others have utilized these technologies. Television, more so than any other form of communication, has been the ultimate tool of the propaganda effort. It is the trustworthiest†¦show more content†¦Therefore, what we mostly see on the screen is what the sponsors promote, which are usually mechanisms to keep society stable. This exactly what American media was doing from the muckrakers of the 20s to the war in Kosovo in the 90s. Let us now look at so me examples of the use of TV as a mean of control over society. Before January 1991, public opinion polls showed that the American public was split into two groups, 50% each, about whether the U.S. should attack Iraq or not. Historians say however, if any anti-war voices had been heard in the mass media at this time, the outcome could have been completely different. The second example turns out to be a tragic one, when we talk about the freedom of speech. After the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the pictures of the irradiated Japanese were not made available to the American public until the 1980s. In both cases we see the control of society through TV, by those who control it, and directing society toward a certain destination, which is found to be the way forward for the humanity, and keeping the system together by creating a popular culture based on consumerism; turns out to be a modern way of practicing authority in our lives. 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With advances in technology the nationRead MoreSoviet Propaganda And The Soviet State888 Words   |  4 PagesThe origin of the soviet propaganda can be traced from the state’s very conception, as the new government worked tirelessly to convince its populace of its legitimacy. Soviet propaganda uniquely differs from other countries’ propaganda, in that the USSR’s extensive censorship and large-scale manipulation of information created the perfect circumstances for near complete control of the citizenry. Only with the arrival of Glasnost in the 1980’s did many in the Soviet state begin to doubt the legitimacyRead MoreAnalysis Of Major Themes Of Chomsky s Manufacturing Consent948 Words   |  4 PagesAs a society, us Americans tend to put stock in varied forms of mass media. From Disney to Gannett we grow up with selective views of the world and shaped opinions based on TV ratings. There are many theories on hegemony in American society. 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Pros and Cons of Nuclear Power Free Essays

As a result of the current global warming issues and the ever growing scarcity of our current energy resources we may be forced to resort to nuclear energy. The Department of Energy has already given its support to energy companies who have decided to construct nuclear power plants. It appears that nuclear power is the right course to take, but before this decision is finalised it is important to weigh the multiple advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Nuclear Power or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many pros and cons, but they weigh up almost equally which makes it a hard decision to choose the right course of action, nuclear power or non-nuclear power. The first step to deciding on the use of nuclear power entails looking at its pros. These advantages include its low carbon emissions, its containable waste products, its low cost technological research, and its abundant supply of energy. Abundant supply of electrical energy at lower costs. Uranium can be used instead of oil to produce electrical energy. A ton of uranium can release significant amounts of energy once it undergoes the process of nuclear fission. By nuclear fission, the mere splitting of atomic nuclei can go into a series of chain reactions that can produce great amounts of energy to be converted into electricity. Coal heated power plants require millions times more fuel to create an equal amount of energy as one ton of uranium. A very low amount of carbon emissions are created from nuclear power. Since there is no fuel burning process involved in a nuclear reactor, the amount of carbon emission released from nuclear power plants is less than a hundredth of the carbon emissions released by the fuel burning power plants such as coal heated power plants. Nuclear wastes can be contained and controlled. This is unlike carbon and other greenhouse gas emissions which are released in the atmosphere beyond human control. Carbon dioxide emissions have been the biggest factor that affect global warming conditions. Nuclear technology entails low cost. The nuclear technology of fission is a natural occurrence that does not require further development or research to produce energy that can be converted into electricity. The splitting of a large nucleus causes a chain reaction of splitting other nuclei and releasing shooting neutrons that can continuously split more atomic nuclei creating energy in the process. The next step includes comparing these pros with cons. These include the possible accidents or disasters, the possible creation of nuclear weapons, the expensive price of creating the nuclear power plant, The disposal and safe storage solution of nuclear waste, and the possible terrorist threat to nuclear power plants and waste disposal sites. Nuclear accidents or disasters have happened and taken place on different occasions in different locations in the past. Two of the most widely known nuclear disasters that occurred are the Three Mile Island reactor in the US and the Chernobyl reactor in Russia. Even the countries of France and Japan have had leakages and accidents. Japan experienced a partial meltdown of uranium core in Ottawa in 1952 and several other accidents afterwards including the well-known Tokaimura incident in 1999. France experienced its first major nuclear disaster in 1992 while the most recent was in July 2008. The latest involved a plant malfunction which caused 30,000 litres of uranium enriched solution to leak into two of France’s rivers. The possible creation of nuclear weapons. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty provides that every country has a right to undertake nuclear development for peaceful purposes. Many nations have taken its context as including the development of nuclear weapons because they feel threatened by other world powers. India feels threatened by Pakistan, while North Korea feels the same way about South Korea. Even developing countries will consider nuclear weapons to protect itself from possible threats of invasion. The setting up of nuclear power plants is expensive. Based on historical records, the actual costs incurred in building nuclear power plants have always exceeded the initial estimates. A report released by the US Congressional Budget Office in May 2008 disclosed that the actual costs incurred to build 75 existing nuclear power plants reached $144. 6 billion dollars. The estimated average cost of was $45. 2 billion. Nuclear waste disposal and storage solutions still have to be perfected. Nuclear waste is also known as Spent Nuclear Fuel or SNF. At the moment the only ideal system of treating SNF involves keeping them in temporary storage in deep disposal sites in the ground. However, SNF or nuclear waste disposal is still considered unresolved by many because there are no countries involved in deep ground SNF storage. Instead the nuclear waste is stored in dry-cask storages in steel lined silos with no definite disposal destination. Also uranium and plutonium have very long half lives and will take many years in storage to decay. The nuclear waste products are still considered radioactive for at least one thousand years. This could threaten homes and there residents if they have the radiation emissions enter their homes. Nuclear power plants and SNF storage silos are possible targets of terrorist attacks. Similar attacks like those launched by the 9/11 terrorists are likely possibilities which cannot be dismissed. This may seem unlikely but so did the attack on the twin towers. There are equal amounts of pros and cons for nuclear power usage and the decision to switch to it in the future is still uncertain. Although there are advantages such as the low carbon emissions and the large amount of energy produce from one ton of uranium the are still disadvantages including the possible nuclear disasters in the reactors and the possible terrorist threat. Either way it is necessary the choice is made soon otherwise our resources will be used up and we will be in a lot of strife. How to cite Pros and Cons of Nuclear Power, Papers

Saturday, April 25, 2020

The Bluest Eyes Ap Short Form free essay sample

The narrator for parts of the novel. She is a very strong minded nine year old who fights for good causes. She is a stable force throughout the story. * Minor Characters * Cholly Breedlove: The always intoxicated father of Pecola and husband of Pauline. He experienced traumatic events that influenced him to hate the women he encounters in his life. Pauline Breedlove: As a child she lived with an unfortunate foot and got herself in a marriage which turned deadly. She considers herself ugly only finding comfort watching romantic movies and working. * Main Setting * The Bluest Eye takes place during the end of the Great Depression (1940-1941) in Lorain, Ohio. * Summary The exposition of the novel tells the reader about Claudia and Frieda McTeer looking back at their childhood, particularly remembering Pecola Breedlove. The main conflict surrounds young Pecola as a target for abuse who wishes to be beautiful and feel loved. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bluest Eyes Ap Short Form or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The rising action begins when the McTeer family took in Pecola after her father burned their house down. She soon left and returned to her family where many misfortunes took place. The only person to love Pecola enough to touch her was her father, Cholly; and the climax reaches when he rapes her and impregnates her. The resolution of the novel comes about when she loses her baby and goes out and asks Soaphead Church for blue eyes. This wish is achieved through Pecola’s madness and she now lives on the edge of Lorain with her mother. An event that takes the narrative back in time â€Å"When he was still very young, Cholly had been surprised in some bushes by two white men while he was newly but earnestly in eliciting sexually pleasure from a little country girl†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (42) * Symbol: An object in a story that stands for an idea â€Å"But so deeply concerned were we with the health and safe delivery of Pecola’s baby we could think nothing but our own magic: if we planted the seeds, and said the right words over them, they would blossom, and everything would be all right†. The picture the author makes with words †¦Shapely lips which called attention not to themselves but to the rest of the face. You looked at them and wondered why they were so ugly; you looked closely and could not find the source† (39) * Quotes â€Å"It had occurred to Pecola some time ago that if her eyes, those eyes that held the pictures, and knew the sights—if those eyes of hers were different, that is to say, beautiful, she herself would be different. † * Claudia says this right after Pecola had witnessed a violent fight between her parents. Pecola wants to change her reality and believes that if she had blue eyes, it would also change how she views the world, seeing only the good in life, and their beauty would increase that behavior around her. â€Å"Love is never any better than the lover. Wicked people love wickedly, violent people love violently, weak people love weakly, stupid people love stupidly, but the love of a free man is never safe. * Claudia summarizes the ending of her story about Pecola. * Love is not always safe, it can be dangerous. It cannot only soothe but break a person similar to how Cholly’s love took Pecola’s innocence and was the starting point of her insanity. â€Å"All of our waste which we dumped on her and which she absorbed. And all of our beauty, which was hers first and which she gave to us. † * Claudia continues to sum up the ending of her story. * With Pecola’s madness, she turned out to become the town’s ugliness. The community compared themselves to her, and in consequence, she hands them her beauty not from skin-deep but from within.

Wednesday, March 18, 2020

Free Essays on Comunications

Communication has always been of the highest importance to members of any society. Without communication how would anyone know the day’s current events, know about jobs or know what is happening with one’s family. Most communication had been face to face verbal exchange. Then printed word became a way to communicate especially at a distance. Information took quite awhile to arrive at its destination. People were constantly in need of faster and better communication. The invention of the telegraph improved communication dramatically. Yet, the invention of the telephone brought a breakthrough of the greatest advantage for society. It is an invention that changed the way we communicate and impart information, and it continues to evolve for better or worse. The principle of combining voice and electricity brought about the idea of the telephone in 1874. Alexander Graham Bell had a definite interest and invented an apparatus in 1876. Had he not convinced his 2 partners of the potential of such a machine that could transmit voice, they wouldn’t have received their U.S. patent, â€Å"which now considered the most valuable patent even issued.†(1) Bell exhibited his new invention at the Philadelphia centennial exposition in 1876. A Texas newspapers publishes was interested in the telephone. A line was later installed between his home and his newspaper office in 1878. With subsequent demand for more telephones, a switchboard and telephone exchange were opened in1879. Bell formed the Bell Telephone Company in 1877 in Ontario. Other companies were unofficially opening up in the same area. The idea soon spread. Telephone companies were officially designated to service, maintain and operate the system. At this time there was much interest in improving the telephone system, but progress was slow for the telephone. Interest in using a telephone grew. Not everyone had access to a telephone. Installations were scattered throughout the country... Free Essays on Comunications Free Essays on Comunications Communication has always been of the highest importance to members of any society. Without communication how would anyone know the day’s current events, know about jobs or know what is happening with one’s family. Most communication had been face to face verbal exchange. Then printed word became a way to communicate especially at a distance. Information took quite awhile to arrive at its destination. People were constantly in need of faster and better communication. The invention of the telegraph improved communication dramatically. Yet, the invention of the telephone brought a breakthrough of the greatest advantage for society. It is an invention that changed the way we communicate and impart information, and it continues to evolve for better or worse. The principle of combining voice and electricity brought about the idea of the telephone in 1874. Alexander Graham Bell had a definite interest and invented an apparatus in 1876. Had he not convinced his 2 partners of the potential of such a machine that could transmit voice, they wouldn’t have received their U.S. patent, â€Å"which now considered the most valuable patent even issued.†(1) Bell exhibited his new invention at the Philadelphia centennial exposition in 1876. A Texas newspapers publishes was interested in the telephone. A line was later installed between his home and his newspaper office in 1878. With subsequent demand for more telephones, a switchboard and telephone exchange were opened in1879. Bell formed the Bell Telephone Company in 1877 in Ontario. Other companies were unofficially opening up in the same area. The idea soon spread. Telephone companies were officially designated to service, maintain and operate the system. At this time there was much interest in improving the telephone system, but progress was slow for the telephone. Interest in using a telephone grew. Not everyone had access to a telephone. Installations were scattered throughout the country...

Sunday, March 1, 2020

Types of Prop Shaft Seals, Old and Modern

Types of Prop Shaft Seals, Old and Modern Modern vessels use a combination of technologies for sealing prop shafts to achieve higher performance with less maintenance. Fiber and Lubricant These are just like the old days but with better products. Plant fibers are replaced with synthetics in these systems and lubricants are designed to remain in a solid state rather than liquefy when heated by friction. This type of product can be used in any regular stuffing box. In the past few years real hemp has become available again, so next time you clean out that stuffing box, get some hemp fiber and mix up some beeswax and linseed oil and you will have better performance than the modern stuffing box repacking kits will give you. Synthetic Putty This is a clay type of product which resembles modeling clay. It acts as an extra layer of defense in a regular stuffing box. Clay seals still require a proper lubricant on the shaft and reinforcement with square braid fiber. This is a lower maintenance solution but still requires regular service. The return of real hemp to the United States market means that stuffing box materials wont break down or melt, which is what clay and putty protect against. Loose hemp fiber is soaked with warm beeswax and linseed oil and that is held in place with a woven hemp grommet like those shown in Ashleys Book of Knots. Mechanical Pack-Less Seals This is a product used on many vessels in a variety of conditions. The unit consists of a high-tolerance, low friction bushing in a stainless steel retainer. PYI is the most well-known manufacturer for retrofit and new build applications. It requires almost no maintenance and is watertight. If you consider vessel downtime and the labor of a traditional stuffing box, the extra cost is worthwhile. The pack-less seals also have the advantage of retaining the prop shaft itself, in case it separates from the drive unit. Losing a shaft will result in a vigorous jet of water entering your bilge compartment. One minor issue is the need for a positive pressure line to feed the surface of the graphite bushing and prevent wear. Some manufacturers do this more elegantly than others and include the positive pressure source in the shaft log housing. Some still have a need for a separate thru-hull fitting which just adds complexity. Including a pre-tapped port for a pressure sensor would be nice, so that pressure around the bushing could be monitored automatically, although this can easily be fitted to the positive pressure line if one exists on your model. Weve encountered a few of these packless units when they were run dry; it shows just how fast they can wear the replaceable components. The cost is far less than it would be for a new complete unit but it still requires a shaft-out repair, which means alignment and tuning for each individual component from the engine to the prop. Dry runs on old style packing are fixed with a partial turn of a man-sized wrench and cost little more than a pair of disposable gloves and some hand cleaner. With practice, the synthetic putty can give you a bilge that is nearly as dry as one fitted with packless logs. Check with your insurance provider, you may receive a discount by changing to a pack-less seal. You will certainly make the crew member who acts as your Oilier happy.

Friday, February 14, 2020

ACCOR Group's Expansion Strategy Research Paper

ACCOR Group's Expansion Strategy - Research Paper Example 8,121 + 6.8 EBITDAR 2,321 11.4 EBITDAR margin 28.6% 1.2 Operating profit Before tax 907 24.8 The growth rates for the company in revenues for year 2007 were as per the following: Revenues + 6.5% Expansion + 4.3% Impacts of the currency (decline of dollar against Euro) - 2.7% Disposals - 1.3% Growth rate + 6.8% Analysis Amnt In m 9000 - 8000 -7000 - 6000 - - 5000 - 4000 - 3000 - 2000 - 1000 - Revenue EBITDAR Profit (before tax) Graph of the two financial statements; Revenue, EBITDAR, profit (before tax) Year 2004 Year 2007 11 -10 - 9.0 - 8.0 -7.0 - 6.0 - - % 5.0 - 4.0 - 3.0 - 2.0 - 1.0 - Revenue EBITDAR Profit (before tax) Graph of the two financial statements; Revenue (reported change), EBITDAR (reported change), profit before tax (reported change) Year 2004 Year 2007 i. Before implementation of the new strategies As per the above table, the company's profit before taxation amounted to 592 million which was13.2% for that year. In the same year, the company's consolidated revenues shot up by 4.3% which were the same as moving from 295 million to 7,123 million. Not including...While carrying out the research regarding ACCOR group of companies, importance of selecting the appropriate paradigm is emphasized. This includes the opinions on how to carry out the research as well as the necessary approach of data collection and analysis. The methods used to collect the appropriate data included a quantitative data collection approach: getting the relevant data from the company's management information systems where it has provided its financial reports before the implementation of the strategies and after this period. The collected data is then analyzed using tables and charts in order to draw conclusion on whether the strategies made any changes to the company. There is also analysis of the strategies used by two other major rivals of ACCOR group of companies which are used to corroborate the hypothesis to be deductive. Roy 1995As per the above table, the company's profit before taxation amounted to 592 million which was13.2% for that year. In the same year, the company's consolidated revenues shot up by 4.3% which were the same as moving from 295 million to 7,123 million. Not including the effects of transitions in scope of exchange rates and consolidation, the revenues went up by 4.6% for the same year as well as 5.1% in the fourth section of the year. This indicated the company's demand in the group's activities.

Saturday, February 1, 2020

Business strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business strategy - Assignment Example Indian restaurant owners would already have a solid customer base from which to work from, and there is also the possibility of picking up some other ethnicities too. Cheap Indian food could be offered by encouraging Indian to be spoken within the restaurant, thus attracting the target market. c) The video rental firm market segment is not as attractive as it used to be. This is because more and more young people are using other means to watch their favorite movies. This type of business could possibly work if it was attached to some other kind of product, most likely televisions or DVD players. Special promotions could even be used to encourage people to rent a video along with another kind of purchase. 2) I do not agree that the appropriate positioning is obvious once you have identified the right segment. This is because once the right segment has been discovered further research must be done to narrow down the target customer market. This could be done through surveys of focus groups. Also, the market is always evolving and changing, so it is impossible to automatically know where to position a product in the market. 3) An organization’s competitive stance is the segment of the target market that a company chooses to pursue: low-cost supplier, differentiation, or niche marketing. The functional strategy of marketing activity depends on what the competitive stance is. For example, a company that chooses a low-cost strategy must produce its products for as cheaply as possible in order to offer low prices. Also, this company would need to produce far more products than its competitors in order to make any kind of profit. In a well-designed strategy, an organization’s competitive stance and marketing activity can work well together as long as when one changes, the other one changes to reflect that change. 6) Apple has a competitive advantage over its competitors

Friday, January 24, 2020

Critique of the National Cirriculum in Britain :: Education Policy

Critique in a policy document During this essay I am going to look at one area of our educational system and discuss in detail the features of this policy. I have chosen to look at, in detail the National Curriculum, which was progressively introduced into the Britain in 1989. I want to get an insight into the way the National Curriculum has changed and the ways in which it now gives pupils an extra advantage at getting the best out of their education. The National Curriculum delivers the information pupils need to know in a balanced and manageable way, but at the same time it is hard enough to challenge them. I am going to also look at Japan?s Educational policy and see what advantages they give to pupil?s, I will then compare the two policies. The National Curriculum is split up into stages, these stages are determined by age groups, key stage 1 ranges from ages 5-7 which is the year group 1 and 2, then there is key stage 2 which ranges in ages 7-11 this is year groups 3-6. Key stages 3 and 4 are secondary stages, so at key stage 3 the pupils are 11-14. At the final stage of the pupils development through the National Curriculum, key stage 5 they are 14-16, at this stage they get more choice in which areas of the curriculum they want to continue in. However some subjects which are part of the National Curriculum such as, english, maths and science are compulsory. At each stage expectations are set as to pupils performance levels. Targets are laid out for programmes of study for pupils. The national curriculum helps the school create a working relationship, not only with the pupils but also with the parents. The curriculum is a way to create many more opportunities for all levels of achievement. It can help with building on certain strengths in a pupils ability. When we consider the different structures to which the curriculum can take on we must look at the way in which the information set out through the curriculum is put across to the pupils through content and organization. David Scott a Professor of Educational Leadership and Learning at the University of Lincoln?s International Institute for Educational Leadership. He is an expert in curriculum studies, David Scott identifies and depicts six curriculum ideologies. These are Foundationalism, Conventionalism, Instrumentalism, Technical Rationality, Critical Pedagogy and Post-modernism.

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Memory Process Paper Essay

I remember playing the game Trivial Pursuit and in order to win this game it came down to me acquiring to answer one question. I racked my brain truly hard trying to remember this particular answer. The question inquired about a particular mountain I by no means heard of or could remember learning about. This paper will describe the beliefs of functioning recollection, short-range recollection, long-standing recollection, the part of encrypting, in addition to the simplicity of recovery in the recollection progress. I participated on an online remembrance test, Speed Match and Memory Matrix, to assess my short-term memory. The test consisted of memory accuracy and visual recollection. Concepts of Functioning Memory, Short, and Long-Span Memory Long-span memory and short-span memory have two diverse stages of storage (Cowan, 2001). There is a system of capacity and duration in the short-span memory. In short-span recall data can be detained for a few seconds, before the long-term memory has received it. Long-term memory data can be received, when processing data in short-term memory immediately. The memories system works to retain reminiscences, in an extended period of time, and even forever would be considered a long-period of memory. Long-span recollection is collected of more than a few diverse modules: semantic recollection, procedural recollection, episodic recollection, and declarative recollection. Declarative recollection is reminiscence of accurate data. For example, important dates such as anniversary and birthday, names of individuals, and faces of people would be considered declarative memory. Procedural recollection is remembrance for habits and expertise. For example, bike riding or learning to toss a football would be considered a procedural recollection. Semantic recollection is retention for universal understanding and details about the world, in addition to  reminiscence for the guidelines of judgment that are used to assume other realities. For example, reading a chapter in an educational course textbook is considered to be semantic memory. Episodic recollection is recollection for occasions that transpire in a specific place, context, or time. Speed Match and Memory Matrix Results I took an online memory test from the Lumosity Internet site that invented memory measuring tests called speed match and memory matrix. These tests are apparently a clinically premeditated measure of intellectual performance that practices and unidentified exclusive procedure to interpret game results into some suggestion of cognitive meaning (Lumosity, 2013). The speed match and memory matrix tests are also considered to be used as â€Å"Assessment,† which give scores grounded on performance, but provides without question no clarification of those scores. Speed Match consists of use to think faster than normal rate, having faster response time, moving up the speed of his or her cognitive processing, and exercising his or her working memory. My score in speed match was 210, which meant average accuracy in speed memory. The objective was to recollect the symbols, but to reply rapidly. It was not a particularly amusing game to play, but then again a round is reasonably short, so I did not have much time to invest trying to progress on my previous scores. Simultaneously, it is not really clear to me if playing this game could actually â€Å"speed up my cognitive processes.† There were an abundant amount of impulse-based twitch games. For example, this game had side-scrolling intergalactic shooters that were used to take over the arcade section, which were more stimulating and had more replay assessment than Speed Match. These games were just as capable of assisting in faster thinking and having quicker response times. Memory Matrix consists of the use in learning individuals’ names for the first time, retention the name of somebody you have met, and exercising your working recollection. My result in the memory matrix game was 935, which meant above average in recalling facts. The Lumosity Internet site dwelled more on the importance of face-name remembrance, which ultimately came off, a little gimmicky, compared to my above review on speed match. Nevertheless, while the emphasis on human faces in Memory Matrix was slightly more than an appealing catch, the process behind the game ensures  the facts of having an established tool for improving working recollection. Studies have revealed that partaking in reasonable physical activity momentarily can lift flanker test response time. Role of Encrypting and Retrieval in the Recollection Method Once material has been encoded and put away in recollection, it must be recovered in order to be put in use. Remembrance recovery is significant in virtually every phase of daily living, from recalling where your car is parked to new skills of learning. At hand are numerous aspects that can impact how reminiscences are recovered from long-span recollection. With the aim of fully comprehending this method, it is significant to discuss more about precisely what is retrieval in addition to the various features that can influence how reminiscences are recovered. Remembrance recollection comprises of the memory being reconstructed, frequently making use of rational structures, partial recollections, descriptions or hints. For example, writing a response on an college exam regularly comprises memorizing tads on data, then after restructuring or encrypting the continuing data founded on these limited reminiscences. Reminiscence retrieval includes recognizing figures after coming in contact with it again. Reminiscence retrieval includes reeducating oneself with information that was formerly learned. This frequently makes it stress-free to recollect and retrieve data in the upcoming future in addition to improving the strong point of reminiscences. Despite the fact it may be exasperating or very stressful, research has revealed that these involvements are enormously shared, characteristically arising at least twice each week for most young individuals and three to five times per week for older adults (Cowan, 2001). In several circumstances, individuals can even recollect specifics such as the main letter that a sentence begins with (LaBar & Cabeza, 2006). Assess Variables Connected with Encrypting Data and Ease of Recovery The three main independent variables in my experiment with memory matrix and speed test were free recall, cued recall, and recognition (Cowan, 2001). My dependent variable from these tests consists of the number of words I correctly remembered. My memory test ran having a within-subjects design, which entailed of three diverse lists of 22 items, each charted by a diverse type of memory test. I formed a relationship between the target words and their respective cues. Then, when the cues were presented to me in the test phase, I relied on these associations to aid me in recalling the target words. Conclusion There are different phases of memory realization, from perception to sensory memory, to short-span memory, and long-span memory. Memory is the capability to encrypt or encode, collect and recollect information. The three main practices intricate in the human memory are storage, encoding, and reminiscence (retrieval). Furthermore, the practice of memory association is considered to be one or the other part of the encoding or encrypting process or the storage procedure, which is understood as a detached process. References Speed Match and Memory Matrix. (2013). Lumosity. Retrieved from: http://www.lumosity.com/app/v4/dashboard Cowan, N. (2001). â€Å"The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity†. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24: 97–185. LaBar K.S., & Cabeza R. (2006). â€Å"Cognitive neuroscience of emotional memory†. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 7: 54–64. Carver L.J. & Bauer P.J. (2001). â€Å"The dawning of a past: The emergence of long-term explicit memory in infancy†. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 130: 726–745.

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

Analysis Of William Faulkner s I Lay Dying - 1713 Words

William Faulkner confessed â€Å"It’s much more fun to try to write about women because I think women are marvelous, they’re wonderful, and I know very little about them.† He did not attempt to disguise this amusement considering many of his works involve the presence of women who serve to be pivotal characters. Faulkner is known as one of the most prominent writers in the literary world. Faulkner is from the southern United States- Oxford, Mississippi, to be exact. His expertise was the Southern Gothic genre that consisted of grotesque themes to catch the audience’s attention and make them aware of the flaws that exist within society. One of his best works, As I Lay Dying, epitomizes the genre through the examination of the Bundren family and the events that follow them in Yoknapatawpha County, Mississippi. In the 1930 novel As I Lay Dying, Faulkner combines both his preference to write about women and the Gothic genre by broadcasting the mistreatment and belittlement of women in Southern society during the early twenties. A major premise of the novel is the perception of women in regards to their role in marriage. This specific role requires the woman to possess the ability to produce offspring. As a result, this aspect of womanhood is all that females are seen as in this world. A scene that depicts this notion precisely is the dialogue between husband and wife, Anse and Addie. Annie reveals her disapproval to birth any more children and Anse retaliates by stating â€Å"Nonsense,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of William Faulkner s I Lay Dying 1486 Words   |  6 PagesOn the back of my edition of As I Lay Dying there is a quote from William Faulkner on the subject of his novel. The quote says: I set out deliberately to write a tour-de-force. Before I even put pen to paper and set down the first word I knew what the last word would be and almost where the last period would fall. The end result is a work of precision and care. Each word has been carefully chosen and carefully ordered to create his â€Å"tour-de-force†. This can be both a comfort and a frustration toRead MoreWriting Styles Of Ernest Faulkner And The Sun Also Rises By Earnest Hemingway And As I Lay Dying1528 Words   |  7 PagesPassudetti English 11 AP Period 5 21 November 2014 Writing Styles of Hemingway and Faulkner The style of an authors writing can often be the key to understanding the emotions and thoughts that they want to convey onto the reader. Sometimes the comparison of various authors can show how different styles of writing bring different events and characters into play. This is particularly true with the authors William Faulkner and Earnest Hemingway. Their writing styles are exponentially different, but bothRead MoreEssay about Addie Bundren in William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying2831 Words   |  12 PagesAddie Bundren in William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying Woman is the source and sustainer of virtue and also a prime source of evil. She can be either; because she is, as man is not, always a little beyond good and evil. With her powerful natural drive and her instinct for the concrete and personal, she does not need to agonize over her decisions. There is no code for her to master, no initiation for her to undergo. For this reason she has access to a wisdom which is veiledRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 PagesWorn Path: Introduction 2. Eudora Welty Biography 3. Summary 4. Characters 5. Themes 6. Style 7. Historical Context 8. Critical Overview 9. Essays and Criticism 10. Compare and Contrast 11. Topics for Further Study 12. Media Adaptations 13. What Do I Read Next? 14. Bibliography and Further Reading 15. Copyright Introduction Eudora Weltys A Worn Path, first published in Atlantic Monthly in February, 1941, is the tale of Phoenix Jacksons journey through the woods of Mississippi to the townRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 PagesWorn Path: Introduction 2. Eudora Welty Biography 3. Summary 4. Characters 5. Themes 6. Style 7. Historical Context 8. Critical Overview 9. Essays and Criticism 10. Compare and Contrast 11. Topics for Further Study 12. Media Adaptations 13. What Do I Read Next? 14. Bibliography and Further Reading 15. Copyright Introduction Eudora Weltys A Worn Path, first published in Atlantic Monthly in February, 1941, is the tale of Phoenix Jacksons journey through the woods of Mississippi to the town ofRead MoreEssay on Georg Lukacs, quot;the Ideology of Modernismquot;7555 Words   |  31 Pagesto set himself in opposition to the literary movement that had superseded realism in the West, modernism (writers like James Joyce, William Faulkner, Robert Musil, and so on). This essay is his attempt to distinguish the two absolutely, in favor of course of realism. Basically, for Lukacs (and for the Soviet Union), modernism is the last desperate cry of a dying economic system, capitalism. As late capitalism crumbles, it generates more and more alienation and meaninglessness in its citizensRead MoreModernist Elements in the Hollow Men7051 Words   |  29 Pageshimself†. Although his poetry was subject to important transformations over the course of his career, all of it is characterized by many unifying aspects typical of modernism. It employs characters who fit the modern man as described by Fitzgerald, Faulkner and others of the poet’s contemporaries. It is marked by its tendency to bring together the intellectual, the aesthetic and the emotional in a way that both condemns the past and honors it. The poet expressed modernism as a new system of thoughtRead MoreKhasak14018 Words   |  57 PagesMonday, 26 October 2009 Preface This dissertation titled ART AS A RENDEZVOUS OF MYTH AND MIND: A PSYCHOANALYTIC AND MYTHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF O V VIJAYAN’S THE LEGENDS OF KHASAK explores how the judicious selection and use of literary theory can account for the universal appeal of The Legends of Khasak, a belated self translated rendering of a famous regional work in Malayalam, Khasakkinte Ithihasam authored by the eminent writer O V Vijayan, and thus assert its artistic value. Divided into fourRead MoreInterpretation of the Text13649 Words   |  55 Pages P A R T 1. A N A L Y Z I N G F I C T I O N MODULE 1 1.1. The fictional world of a literary work Literature is writing that can be read in many ways. We can read it as a form of history, biography, or autobiography. We can read it as an example of linguistic structures or rhetorical conventions manipulated for special effect. We can view it as a material product of the culture that produced it. We can see it as an expression of beliefs and values of a particular class. We can also see a work of literatureRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†