Monday, August 24, 2020

Models of Celebrity Endorsement Strategy

Models of Celebrity Endorsement Strategy The choice of big name endorsers isn't a simple undertaking; numerous researchers have attempted to make models so as to help for the privilege choosing of VIP endorsers. Hovland et al (1953) theoretically contributed perhaps the most punctual model, which is Source Credibility Model. Afterwords, the Source Attractiveness Model (McGuire, 1985), the Product Match-Up Hypothesis (Forkan, 1980; Kamins, 1989, 1990), and the Meaning Transfer Model (McCracken, 1989) was introduced through exactly analysts thusly. The Source Credibility Model and Source Attractiveness Model are sorted under the nonexclusive name of Source Models since these two models essentially appear and reflect research of the Social Influence Theory/Source Effect Theory, which contends that different qualities of an apparent correspondence source may beneficially affect message receptivity (Kelman, 1961; Meenaghan, 1995). The source believability model depends on investigate in social brain research (Hovland and Weiss, 1951-1952; Hovland, Jani, and Kelley, 1953). The Hovland adaptation of model present that a message depends for its viability on the expertness and reliability of the source (Hovland et al., 1953, p.20; Dholakia and Sternthal, 1977; Sternthal, Dholakia, and Leavitt, 1978), which implies that data from a tenable source (e.g.celebrity) can impact convictions, sentiments, perspectives, and additionally conduct through a procedure called disguise, which happens when beneficiaries acknowledge a source impact regarding their own mentality and worth structures (Erdogan, 1999). Expertness is characterized as the degree to which a communicator is seen to be a wellspring of substantial attestations and alludes to the information, experience or abilities controlled by an endorser. Hovland et al (1953) and Ohanian (1991) accepted that it doesn't generally make a difference whether an endorser is a specialist, yet the only thing that is important is the means by which the intended interest group sees the endorser. Notwithstanding, Aaker and Myers (1987) upheld a source/big name that is progressively master to be increasingly influential and to produce more aims to purchase the brand (Ohanian, 1991). Thus, master sources impact view of the items quality (Erdogan, 1999). In the interim; Speck et al (1988) found that master superstars created higher review of item data than non-master famous people, despite the fact that the thing that matters was not factually huge. Additionally, VIPs proficient achievements and aptitude may fill in as an intelligent association w ith the items, and thusly make the support progressively acceptable to purchasers (Till and Brusler, 2000). Reliability alludes to the trustworthiness, respectability and acceptability of an endorser relying upon target crowd recognitions (Erdogan, 1999). Sponsors benefit from the estimation of dependability by choosing endorsers, who are generally viewed as genuine, trustworthy, and reliable (Shimp, 1997). Smith (1973) contends that buyers see deceitful big name endorsers as faulty message sources paying little heed to their characteristics. Friedman, et al (1978) tended to that reliability is the significant determinant of source believability and afterward attempted to find that agreeability was the most significant quality of trust. In this manner, they prescribed promoters to choose characters who are popular when a dependable VIP is wanted to underwrite brands. In any case, Ohanian (1991) found that dependability of a VIP was not noteworthy identified with clients aims to purchase a supported ethnic status could influence endorser reliability and brand mentalities, since individuals trust endorsers who are like them. Their discoveries suggested that while focusing on specific ethnic gatherings, for example, Africans and Asians, ethnic foundation ought to be deliberately assessed. Estimating source believability in choosing big name It is very sensible to bode well that a sources believability is absolutely abstract, yet look into shows that despite singular inclinations, a high level of understanding exists among people (Berscheid et al, 1971). Patzer (1983) built up the Truth-of-Consensus strategy to evaluate a sources believability and engaging quality. The strategy depends on the establishment that people decisions of appeal and believability are normally emotional, yet these decisions are molded through Gestalt standards of individual observation instead of single attributes. Strikingly, based on broad writing survey and factual tests, Ohanian (1990) built a tri-part big name endorser validity scale, (see figure) which accept that believability and adequacy of superstar endorsers is related with given trademark measurements, despite the fact that McCracken (1989) contended that the big name world comprises of significantly more simply appealing and trustworthy people. Table 2: Source Credibility Scale Allure Dependability Aptitude Appealing Unattractive Dependable Untrustworthy Master Not Expert Tasteful Not Classy Trustworthy Undependable Experience-Inexperienced Delightful Ugly Legitimate Dishonest Educated Unknowledgeable Rich Plain Solid Unreliable Qualified-Unqualified Hot Not Sexy True Insincere Gifted Unskilled Source: Ohanian, R (1990) Construction and approval of a scale to quantify superstar endorsers saw aptitude, dependability and allure, Journal of Advertising, p39-52 The Source Attractiveness Model Promoters have picked VIP based on their allure to pick up from double impacts of big name status and physical intrigue (Singer, 1983). Then, look into demonstrated that genuinely alluring endorsers are increasingly effective at evolving convictions (Baker and Chrurchill, 1977; Chaiken, 1979; Debevec and Kernan, 1984) and producing buy expectations (Friedman et al, 1976; Petroshius and Schuman, 1989; Petty and Cacioppo, 1980) than those ugly people. Thus, McGuire (1985) directed an exact research to battle that the adequacy of a message relies upon comparability, recognition and loving for an endorser. The McGuire (1985) model holds that sources that are known to, enjoyed by, or potentially like the customer are appealing and, convincing. The source engaging quality model additionally lays on social mental research (McCracken, 1989). In the interim, Cohen and Golden (1972) recommended that physical engaging quality of an endorser decides the adequacy of convincing correspondence through a procedure called distinguishing proof, which is expected to happen when data from an appealing source is acknowledged because of want to relate to such endorsers. Unimportant and Cacioppo (1980) led allure of endorsers as far as a cleanser commercial to appreciate viability of promoting message types. In 1983, Petty et al recreated the prior investigation in 1980. Their discoveries underscore the collaboration between association level and endorser type. Under low-inclusion conditions, the endorser type significantly affected mentalities towards the item despite the fact that no effect was found on conduct goals. As for review and acknowledgment measures, discoveries demonstrated that introduction to superstar endorsers expanded review of the item classification just under low-contribution conditions. In addition, the endorser type control uncovered that big names had possibly huge effect on brand name review over commonplace residents. Patzer (1985: p30) expressed that physical engaging quality is a data prompt; includes impacts that are unpretentious, unavoidable, and certain; produces a distinct example of obvious contrasts; and rises above culture in its belongings. Patzer contends that individuals ordinarily blow up their own allure with the goal that appealing endorsers ought to be more powerful than normal looking endorsers. Kahle and Homer (1985) worked VIP physical appeal and agreeability and estimated demeanor and buy aims on a similar item: Edge razors. Discoveries showed that members presented to an appealing superstar preferred the item more than members presented to an ugly VIP. Review for the brand was more noteworthy both in appealing and amiable superstar conditions. In any case, unlikeable big names out of the blue performed preferred on acknowledgment gauges over agreeable and alluring VIPs. In the mean time, discoveries demonstrated that an appealing superstar made more buy goals than ugly big name, however on the other hand an unlikeable VIP delivered a bigger number of expectations to purchase the item than an affable VIP. Significantly, concentrates by Cabalero (1989) and Till and Brusler (1998) exhibit that positive sentiments towards promoting and items don't really convert into real conduct or buy expectations. A potential purpose behind the absence of VIP endorsers impact on goals to buy is that VIP support appears to take a shot at the subjective and full of feeling parts of perspectives as opposed to the conduct segments (Baker and Churchill, 1977; Fireworker and Friedman, 1977). Regarding sex sway among endorsers and target crowd, Debevec and Kernan (1984) found that appealing female model created more improved perspectives than alluring male models across the two sexual orientations and especially among guys. Then again, Cabalero et al (1989) found that guys demonstrated more prominent aims to purchase from male endorsers and females hold more prominent goals to buy from female endorsers. Moreover, Baker and Churchill (1977) found a somewhat startling connection among female models, item type and aims to buy items among male subjects. For example, when the supported item was espresso, an ugly female model made a larger number of goals to purchase the item than her alluring partner among guys, while when it was scent or post-shaving astringent, male responded all the more decidedly to an appealing female model. Be that as it may, Petroshius and

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Outline Example

Blueprint Example Blueprint †Coursework Example What Factors That Influence Exchange Rates and How? Point: What Factors That Influence Exchange Rates and How Introduction The soundness of the economy is controlled by a country’s trading rates. Be that as it may, the trade rates are broadly affected by various elements. Shockingly, the rates differ from nation to nation and for some random cash, over time.A. Proposition articulation Demand and gracefully, genuinely, are the key determiners of the conversion standard. A Great interest for merchandise will in general call for expanded estimation of the money. 2. BODYI) Factors That Influence Exchange RatesA. InflationChanges in showcase request cause an adjustment in money trade rates. A nation that encounters low expansion rates frequently empowers a thankfulness in the estimation of its money (Compare Remit, 2015). Where swelling is low, the costs of merchandise and ventures increment at a more slow rate. For example, if the expansion is low in US, its fare will be serious i n this way increment sought after. For this situation, their imports will be less serious subsequently little interest on imports.B. Intrigue ratesChanges in loan costs impact cash esteem. Expanded rate influences country’s cash. Higher interests welcome higher rates to banks in this way drawing in progressively outside capital (World’s Leading Macroeconomic Survey Firm, 2015). For example, in the event that US financing costs rise comparative with somewhere else, it will draw in more speculators to store in US banks. The estimation of the dollar will increment. C. SpeculationHere, examiners make the significant idea that there would raise of a money in future (CompareRemit, 2015). Accordingly, there would be more interest currently to make more benefit. This expansion popular will make the worth ascent. D. Government InterventionChina is one of the nations that underestimate its money to make Chinese items increasingly serious (Economics.Help, 2013). For the most part , they do this by getting US dollar resources henceforth expands the estimation of the Dollar to Yuan.ReferencesWorlds Leading Macroeconomic Survey Firm. (2011). Financial Factors Affecting Exchange Rates. Agreement Economics. Recovered from http://humanrights-success.blogspot.com/2013/02/human-rights-infringement in-center east.htmlCompare Remit.(2015). 8 Key Factors that Affect Foreign Exchange Rates. Recovered from compareremit.com/cash move direct/key-factors-influencing money trade rates/Economics.Help.(2013). Assisting with improving Economics. Recovered from economicshelp.org/macroeconomics/exchangerate/factors-affecting/

Friday, July 17, 2020

Mason, John

Mason, John Mason, John, 1586â€"1635, founder of New Hampshire , b. England. After serving (1615â€"21) as governor of Newfoundland, he and Sir Ferdinando Gorges received (1622) a patent from the Council for New England for all the territory lying between the Merrimack and Kennebec rivers. In 1629 they divided the grant, Mason taking as his share an area 60 mi (95 km) deep between the Merrimack and Piscataqua rivers, which he named New Hampshire. This grant was confirmed to him when the Council for New England surrendered its charter in 1635. Attempts by his heirs to make good their claims to this land led to long litigation. The inhabitants were finally compelled to recognize the Mason rights, which were sold (1746) by one of Mason's descendants to a group of 12 Portsmouth men, who became known as the Masonian Proprietors. They issued settlement permits and land titles in the undeveloped parts of Mason's grant. The grant was redefined by the state in 1788. See J. W. Dean, ed., Captain J ohn Mason (1887, repr. 1972). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Thursday, May 21, 2020

All About Nebulas Clouds of Gas and Dust in Space

A nebula (the Latin word for cloud) is a cloud of gas and dust in space and many can be found in our galaxy as well as in galaxies across the universe. Because nebulas are involved in the birth and death of stars, these regions of space are important to astronomers seeking to understand how stars form and expire. Key Takeaways: Nebulas Nebula refers to clouds of gas and dust in space.The most familiar nebulas are the Orion Nebula, the Ring Nebula, and the Carina Nebula.Astronomers have found nebulas in other galaxies in addition to the ones in the Milky Way.Some nebulas are involved in star formation while others are the result of star death. Not only are nebulas a crucial part of astronomy for astronomers, but they make interesting targets for backyard observers. Theyre not as bright as stars or planets, but they are incredibly beautiful and are a favorite subject of astrophotographers.  Some of the most intricate and detailed images of these regions come from orbiting observatories like the Hubble Space Telescope. A star-forming region called Mystic Mountain in the Carina Nebula. Its many peaks and fingers hide newly forming stars. NASA/ESA/STScI Types of Nebulas Astronomers divide nebulas into several major groups. One of these is the H II regions, also known as large diffuse nebulas. H II refers to their most common element, hydrogen, the main component of stars. The term diffuse is used to describe the large and irregular shapes associated with such nebulas. Nebulas and the Births of Stars H II regions are star-forming regions, places where stars are being born. It is very common to see such a nebula with flocks of hot, young stars within it. Those nebulas may be referred to as reflection nebulas since their clouds of gas and dust are illuminated by—or reflect—the light given off by these bright stars. These clouds of gas and dust may also absorb radiation from stars and emit it as heat. When that happens, they can be referred to as absorption nebulas and emission nebulas.   The Trifid Nebula, a star-forming region in the constellation Sagittarius, is shown here in full glorious color provided by the European Southern Observatory. Smaller telescopes will not show these colors, but a long-exposure photograph will.   European Southern Observatory There are also cold, dark nebulas that may or may not have starbirth occurring inside them. These clouds of gas and dust contain hydrogen and dust. So-called dark nebulas are sometimes referred to as Bok globules, after the astronomer Bart Bok who first observed them in the early 1940s. They are so dense that astronomers need specialized instruments to detect any heat coming from them that may indicate the births of stars.   The Horsehead Nebula is part of a dense cloud of gas in front of an active star-forming nebula known as IC434. The nebulosity of the Horsehead is believed to be excited by the nearby bright star Sigma Orionis. The streaks in the nebulosity that extend above the Horsehead are likely due to magnetic fields within the nebula. National Optical Astronomy Observatories/Travis Rector. Used by permission. Nebulas and the Death of Stars Depending on the size of the star, two classes of nebulas are created as stars die. The first includes supernova remnants, the most famous of which is the Crab Nebula remnant in the direction of the constellation Taurus. Thousands of years ago, a giant, high-mass star exploded in a catastrophic event called a supernova. It died when it began to fuse iron in its core, which stopped the stars nuclear furnace from working. In a short time, the core collapsed, as did all the layers above it. When the outer layers reached the core they rebounded (that is, bounced) back and that blew the star apart. The outer layers rushed out to space, creating a crab-shaped nebula that is still speeding outward. Whats left behind is a rapidly spinning neutron star, created from the remains of the core.   Hubble Space Telescopes view of the Crab Nebula supernova remnant. NASA/ESA/STScI Stars smaller than the Crab Nebulas progenitor star (that is, the star that blew up), dont die quite the same way. They do, however, send masses of material into space in the millennia before their final death throes. That material forms a shell of gas and dust around the star. After it gently blows its outer layers to space, whats left shrinks down to become a hot, white dwarf. The light and heat from that white dwarf illuminate the cloud of gas and dust, causing it to glow. Such a nebula is called a planetary nebula, so named because early observers like William Herschel thought they resembled planets.   The planetary nebula NGC 6781 as photographed through one of the telescopes of the European Southern Observatory in Chile. This nebula lies in Aquila and can be spotted with a good backyard-type telescope. ESO   How Are Nebulas Detected? Nebulas of all kinds are best detected using telescopes. The best-known exception to this is the Orion Nebula, which is barely visible to the naked eye. Its much easier to observe a nebula using magnification, which also helps the observer see more of the light coming from the object. Planetary nebulas are among the dimmest ones, and theyre also the shortest-lived. Astronomers suspect they only last perhaps only ten thousand years or so after they form. H II regions last as long as theres enough material to continue forming stars. Theyre easier to see because of the bright starlight that causes them to glow.   The star Eta Carinae is a hypergiant in the southern hemisphere skies. Its the bright star (left), embedded in the Carina Nebula, which is a star-forming region in the southern hemisphere sky. European Southern Observatory Best-known Nebulas As well as the Orion Nebula and the Crab Nebula, skygazers keep to observe these clouds of gas and dust should get to know the Carina Nebula (in the Southern Hemisphere Sky), Horsehead Nebula, and the Ring Nebula in Lyra (which is a planetary nebula). The Messier list of objects also contains many nebulas for stargazers to search out.   Sources NASA, NASA, spaceplace.nasa.gov/nebula/en/.â€Å"Nebulae - The Dust of Stars.† Windows to the Universe, www.windows2universe.org/the_universe/Nebula.html.â€Å"Planetary Nebulae.† The Hubble Constant, 3 Dec. 2013, www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/oir/planetary-nebulae.http://skyserver.sdss.org/dr1/en/astro/stars/stars.asp

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Propaganda in American Media Essay - 805 Words

Propaganda in American Media One of the greatest revolutions in the twentieth century was not political in nature, however, it aided in many different political revolutions. This revolution was the communications revolution. The twentieth century has experienced one of the greatest changes in means of communication including technologies such as radio, motion pictures, the Internet, advanced communications and most importantly the television. Sadly, political leaders and the government to convince or persuade the masses that their ideas supercede those of others have utilized these technologies. Television, more so than any other form of communication, has been the ultimate tool of the propaganda effort. It is the trustworthiest†¦show more content†¦Therefore, what we mostly see on the screen is what the sponsors promote, which are usually mechanisms to keep society stable. This exactly what American media was doing from the muckrakers of the 20s to the war in Kosovo in the 90s. Let us now look at so me examples of the use of TV as a mean of control over society. Before January 1991, public opinion polls showed that the American public was split into two groups, 50% each, about whether the U.S. should attack Iraq or not. Historians say however, if any anti-war voices had been heard in the mass media at this time, the outcome could have been completely different. The second example turns out to be a tragic one, when we talk about the freedom of speech. After the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the pictures of the irradiated Japanese were not made available to the American public until the 1980s. In both cases we see the control of society through TV, by those who control it, and directing society toward a certain destination, which is found to be the way forward for the humanity, and keeping the system together by creating a popular culture based on consumerism; turns out to be a modern way of practicing authority in our lives. Unites States government is by far not the on ly organization that has utilized methods of propagandaShow MoreRelated Media Propaganda Hides American Terrorism Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesMedia Propaganda Hides American Terrorism    An article in this months Stuff magazine for men, titled Die American Scum tells us that the world sucks. It sucks because while Americans have given other countries Mickey Mouse, burgers and gum, won wars for them, kept the peace and disposed of dictators, all we have gotten in return is terrorism. The article, by John Parrish, goes on to discourage Americans from traveling to 10 terrorist countries including Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, ColombiaRead MoreHow Did Propaganda / Media Impact Americans During Wwi?1951 Words   |  8 PagesHow did Propaganda/Media Impact Americans During WWII World War II is one of many, most horrific and crucial events in world history and one of the most important events in the 20th century. Leonard and John (2007) define propaganda as â€Å"notions, facts, or accusations that are spread purposely with the objective of furthering one’s cause or damaging an opponent’s cause†. (7) They used media and propaganda in order to increase support for their side of the war. An immense feeling of patriotism wasRead MoreMedia s Influence On Domestic Propaganda987 Words   |  4 PagesAs of 2013 the US government ended it s long time ban on domestic propaganda. (RT) However, has propaganda ever stopped? And, is this just an aggressive attempt to increase the already overwhelming amount of propaganda already swelling within the media? Many sources point out that the mainstream media has always been a source of propaganda, the tool used to persuade and guide the public in making their opinions and decisions on important issues. Personally, I m also concerned that it distractsRead MoreU.s Propaganda On Vietnam War1355 Words   |  6 Pages U.S propaganda in Vietnam War In the need of human resources, the U.S government in the 3rd quarter of the 20th century has started mobilizing young men into navy and military troops. This mobilization was preceded with heavy amount of propaganda that used big variety of different motives to recruit as many people as possible and to stop the deserters that tried to flee to the country. The motives used in propaganda ranged from hateful to nationalistic. When thinking of power, most people thinkRead More Media Use of Stereotypes Essay1273 Words   |  6 PagesMedia Use of Stereotypes We live in a world of technological innovation where mass media is a major part of us today. People make assumptions on what they hear. They do not try to analyze the situation to see who is right and who is wrong, and mass media is the main source of manipulating ones mind. The concept of propaganda has changed over time. Propagandists create ideas stereotypically through the use of propaganda and use media to promote it and target peoples minds to have influenceRead MoreThe Influence of Television on American Society and Politics1709 Words   |  7 Pagesresult. Not until the introduction of newspapers, televisions and the internet, has any media had enough of an impact to alter the conclusion of a war. As the industry of newspapers and posters started to boom during the Second World War, reporters and media companies began exaggerating the story or even exacerbating the story because this fabrication made money quickly and easily. The lies and exaggerations of the media bring fea r and strike panic across the nation. With advances in technology the nationRead MoreSoviet Propaganda And The Soviet State888 Words   |  4 PagesThe origin of the soviet propaganda can be traced from the state’s very conception, as the new government worked tirelessly to convince its populace of its legitimacy. Soviet propaganda uniquely differs from other countries’ propaganda, in that the USSR’s extensive censorship and large-scale manipulation of information created the perfect circumstances for near complete control of the citizenry. Only with the arrival of Glasnost in the 1980’s did many in the Soviet state begin to doubt the legitimacyRead MoreAnalysis Of Major Themes Of Chomsky s Manufacturing Consent948 Words   |  4 PagesAs a society, us Americans tend to put stock in varied forms of mass media. From Disney to Gannett we grow up with selective views of the world and shaped opinions based on TV ratings. There are many theories on hegemony in American society. Dr. Noam Chomsky, a preeminent authority in 20th century political philosophy, discusses how news media is a tool for disseminating propaganda provided by the powerful elite in his book Manufacturing Consent. He discusses how American mass media is a tool of democracyRead MoreThe Cold War Between The United States Of America And The Soviet Union1501 Words   |  7 Pagespieces of propaganda and articles written during the time had largely impacted American popular opinion and had powerful effects on the culture among young men and women of the 1940’s and 1950’s. â€Å"The Red Iceberg† comic book cover, published and presented during the Cold War era, was one use of media that perpetuated the negative effects of Soviet Union political influence while promoting the righteousness of the United States. The visual rhetoric presented in â€Å"The Red Iceberg† propaganda, and othersRead MoreThe Role the Media Played in Helping the United St ates Join World War II1142 Words   |  5 PagesThis investigation evaluates the significance of the role the media played in helping the United States join World War Two. To be specific, World War Two occurred between the years of 1939 to 1945. A brief synopsis of the developments of media outlets and their importance prior to the war will be investigated. Leaders of all the Allie Forces will be evaluated in this essay. The essay will focus primarily on the rise of media impact on the citizens of the United States. The Soviet Union will be mentioned

Pros and Cons of Nuclear Power Free Essays

As a result of the current global warming issues and the ever growing scarcity of our current energy resources we may be forced to resort to nuclear energy. The Department of Energy has already given its support to energy companies who have decided to construct nuclear power plants. It appears that nuclear power is the right course to take, but before this decision is finalised it is important to weigh the multiple advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Nuclear Power or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many pros and cons, but they weigh up almost equally which makes it a hard decision to choose the right course of action, nuclear power or non-nuclear power. The first step to deciding on the use of nuclear power entails looking at its pros. These advantages include its low carbon emissions, its containable waste products, its low cost technological research, and its abundant supply of energy. Abundant supply of electrical energy at lower costs. Uranium can be used instead of oil to produce electrical energy. A ton of uranium can release significant amounts of energy once it undergoes the process of nuclear fission. By nuclear fission, the mere splitting of atomic nuclei can go into a series of chain reactions that can produce great amounts of energy to be converted into electricity. Coal heated power plants require millions times more fuel to create an equal amount of energy as one ton of uranium. A very low amount of carbon emissions are created from nuclear power. Since there is no fuel burning process involved in a nuclear reactor, the amount of carbon emission released from nuclear power plants is less than a hundredth of the carbon emissions released by the fuel burning power plants such as coal heated power plants. Nuclear wastes can be contained and controlled. This is unlike carbon and other greenhouse gas emissions which are released in the atmosphere beyond human control. Carbon dioxide emissions have been the biggest factor that affect global warming conditions. Nuclear technology entails low cost. The nuclear technology of fission is a natural occurrence that does not require further development or research to produce energy that can be converted into electricity. The splitting of a large nucleus causes a chain reaction of splitting other nuclei and releasing shooting neutrons that can continuously split more atomic nuclei creating energy in the process. The next step includes comparing these pros with cons. These include the possible accidents or disasters, the possible creation of nuclear weapons, the expensive price of creating the nuclear power plant, The disposal and safe storage solution of nuclear waste, and the possible terrorist threat to nuclear power plants and waste disposal sites. Nuclear accidents or disasters have happened and taken place on different occasions in different locations in the past. Two of the most widely known nuclear disasters that occurred are the Three Mile Island reactor in the US and the Chernobyl reactor in Russia. Even the countries of France and Japan have had leakages and accidents. Japan experienced a partial meltdown of uranium core in Ottawa in 1952 and several other accidents afterwards including the well-known Tokaimura incident in 1999. France experienced its first major nuclear disaster in 1992 while the most recent was in July 2008. The latest involved a plant malfunction which caused 30,000 litres of uranium enriched solution to leak into two of France’s rivers. The possible creation of nuclear weapons. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty provides that every country has a right to undertake nuclear development for peaceful purposes. Many nations have taken its context as including the development of nuclear weapons because they feel threatened by other world powers. India feels threatened by Pakistan, while North Korea feels the same way about South Korea. Even developing countries will consider nuclear weapons to protect itself from possible threats of invasion. The setting up of nuclear power plants is expensive. Based on historical records, the actual costs incurred in building nuclear power plants have always exceeded the initial estimates. A report released by the US Congressional Budget Office in May 2008 disclosed that the actual costs incurred to build 75 existing nuclear power plants reached $144. 6 billion dollars. The estimated average cost of was $45. 2 billion. Nuclear waste disposal and storage solutions still have to be perfected. Nuclear waste is also known as Spent Nuclear Fuel or SNF. At the moment the only ideal system of treating SNF involves keeping them in temporary storage in deep disposal sites in the ground. However, SNF or nuclear waste disposal is still considered unresolved by many because there are no countries involved in deep ground SNF storage. Instead the nuclear waste is stored in dry-cask storages in steel lined silos with no definite disposal destination. Also uranium and plutonium have very long half lives and will take many years in storage to decay. The nuclear waste products are still considered radioactive for at least one thousand years. This could threaten homes and there residents if they have the radiation emissions enter their homes. Nuclear power plants and SNF storage silos are possible targets of terrorist attacks. Similar attacks like those launched by the 9/11 terrorists are likely possibilities which cannot be dismissed. This may seem unlikely but so did the attack on the twin towers. There are equal amounts of pros and cons for nuclear power usage and the decision to switch to it in the future is still uncertain. Although there are advantages such as the low carbon emissions and the large amount of energy produce from one ton of uranium the are still disadvantages including the possible nuclear disasters in the reactors and the possible terrorist threat. Either way it is necessary the choice is made soon otherwise our resources will be used up and we will be in a lot of strife. How to cite Pros and Cons of Nuclear Power, Papers

Saturday, April 25, 2020

The Bluest Eyes Ap Short Form free essay sample

The narrator for parts of the novel. She is a very strong minded nine year old who fights for good causes. She is a stable force throughout the story. * Minor Characters * Cholly Breedlove: The always intoxicated father of Pecola and husband of Pauline. He experienced traumatic events that influenced him to hate the women he encounters in his life. Pauline Breedlove: As a child she lived with an unfortunate foot and got herself in a marriage which turned deadly. She considers herself ugly only finding comfort watching romantic movies and working. * Main Setting * The Bluest Eye takes place during the end of the Great Depression (1940-1941) in Lorain, Ohio. * Summary The exposition of the novel tells the reader about Claudia and Frieda McTeer looking back at their childhood, particularly remembering Pecola Breedlove. The main conflict surrounds young Pecola as a target for abuse who wishes to be beautiful and feel loved. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bluest Eyes Ap Short Form or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The rising action begins when the McTeer family took in Pecola after her father burned their house down. She soon left and returned to her family where many misfortunes took place. The only person to love Pecola enough to touch her was her father, Cholly; and the climax reaches when he rapes her and impregnates her. The resolution of the novel comes about when she loses her baby and goes out and asks Soaphead Church for blue eyes. This wish is achieved through Pecola’s madness and she now lives on the edge of Lorain with her mother. An event that takes the narrative back in time â€Å"When he was still very young, Cholly had been surprised in some bushes by two white men while he was newly but earnestly in eliciting sexually pleasure from a little country girl†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (42) * Symbol: An object in a story that stands for an idea â€Å"But so deeply concerned were we with the health and safe delivery of Pecola’s baby we could think nothing but our own magic: if we planted the seeds, and said the right words over them, they would blossom, and everything would be all right†. The picture the author makes with words †¦Shapely lips which called attention not to themselves but to the rest of the face. You looked at them and wondered why they were so ugly; you looked closely and could not find the source† (39) * Quotes â€Å"It had occurred to Pecola some time ago that if her eyes, those eyes that held the pictures, and knew the sights—if those eyes of hers were different, that is to say, beautiful, she herself would be different. † * Claudia says this right after Pecola had witnessed a violent fight between her parents. Pecola wants to change her reality and believes that if she had blue eyes, it would also change how she views the world, seeing only the good in life, and their beauty would increase that behavior around her. â€Å"Love is never any better than the lover. Wicked people love wickedly, violent people love violently, weak people love weakly, stupid people love stupidly, but the love of a free man is never safe. * Claudia summarizes the ending of her story about Pecola. * Love is not always safe, it can be dangerous. It cannot only soothe but break a person similar to how Cholly’s love took Pecola’s innocence and was the starting point of her insanity. â€Å"All of our waste which we dumped on her and which she absorbed. And all of our beauty, which was hers first and which she gave to us. † * Claudia continues to sum up the ending of her story. * With Pecola’s madness, she turned out to become the town’s ugliness. The community compared themselves to her, and in consequence, she hands them her beauty not from skin-deep but from within.